Kendrick Dawn Boudrow
Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama 35233, USA.
Curr Opin Pediatr. 2006 Apr;18(2):180-3. doi: 10.1097/01.mop.0000193273.54742.6f.
In many United States households, there are many substances used to control the exposure of our children to mosquitoes, mice and rats. This review provides information on common mosquito repellents and rodenticides used in households and discusses their toxicity, in order to help pediatricians better advise their patients of their proper use.
A recent study has demonstrated that many continue to have practices of applying DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) based repellents that may lead to undesirable effects. Picaridin and oil of lemon eucalyptus are two products that have recently been shown to have an efficacy similar to that of DEET-based repellents. Studies within the last five years show that most unintentional superwarfarin ingestions can be managed at home with close outpatient follow-up. There does not appear to be a benefit of prophylactic vitamin K or gastrointestinal decontamination in patients with relatively small ingestions of superwarfarins.
With education and correct usage, mosquito repellents and the superwarfarin rodenticides can help protect children from significant vector-borne diseases. Not all exposures lead to significant morbidity or mortality. With recognition of the current literature, most of these exposures can be managed safely at home or as an outpatient, ultimately saving healthcare costs.
在美国的许多家庭中，有多种物质用于控制儿童接触蚊子、老鼠。本综述提供了家庭中常用驱蚊剂和灭鼠剂的信息，并讨论了它们的毒性，以帮助儿科医生更好地指导患者正确使用。
最近一项研究表明，许多人继续使用含有避蚊胺（N，N-二乙基-3-甲基苯甲酰胺）的驱蚊剂，这可能会导致不良影响。派卡瑞丁和柠檬桉叶油是最近被证明具有与含避蚊胺驱蚊剂相似功效的两种产品。过去五年的研究表明，大多数意外摄入超级华法林的情况可在门诊密切随访下在家中处理。对于摄入相对少量超级华法林的患者，预防性使用维生素K或进行胃肠道去污似乎并无益处。
通过教育和正确使用，驱蚊剂和超级华法林灭鼠剂可以帮助保护儿童免受重大媒介传播疾病的侵害。并非所有接触都会导致严重的发病或死亡。了解当前文献后，大多数此类接触可在家中或门诊安全处理，最终节省医疗费用。
