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年轻自行车运动员训练内容的客观与主观分析

Objective and subjective analysis of the training content in young cyclists.

作者信息

Delattre Emmanuelle, Garcin Murielle, Mille-Hamard Laurence, Billat Véronique

机构信息

Laboratoire d'Etudes de la Motrcité Humaine, Faculté des Sciences du Sport et de l'Education Physique, Université de Lille 2, 59790 Ronche, France.

出版信息

Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2006 Apr;31(2):118-25. doi: 10.1139/h05-004.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyse the objective and subjective training for young cyclists that is prescribed by their coaches. Seven cyclists performed an incremental exercise to exhaustion before and after 14 weeks of training using an incremental test to determine their maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2) (max)), the velocity associated with VO(2) (max) (vVO(2) (max)), and the velocity associated with the ventilatory threshold (vVT). Cyclists completed a training record with the actual content and the perceived exertion of each training session during these 14 weeks. We have focused on the actual content of the training prescribed by the coaches. Analysis of the content of each session allowed us to calculate the objective training load (volume at different intensities) and to determine the subjective training load from perceived exertion ratings (training load, monotony, strain, and fitness-fatigue). The results showed that cyclists were training at a relatively low intensity and that training rating of perceived exhaustion was weak. Moreover, after 14 weeks of training, VO2 max did not change whereas vVO(2) (max) and vVT increased significantly. Therefore, a discrepancy may exist between what is perceived during training and the effects of training. Consequently, objective and subjective indices collected from training books provided useful information supplementary to that recorded from the physiological indices alone.

摘要

本研究的目的是分析教练为年轻自行车运动员制定的客观和主观训练内容。7名自行车运动员在为期14周的训练前后分别进行了递增负荷运动直至力竭,采用递增测试来测定他们的最大摄氧量(VO₂(max))、与VO₂(max)相关的速度(vVO₂(max))以及与通气阈相关的速度(vVT)。自行车运动员完成了一份训练记录,记录了这14周内每次训练的实际内容和主观用力感觉。我们重点关注教练规定的训练实际内容。对每次训练内容的分析使我们能够计算客观训练负荷(不同强度下的训练量),并根据主观用力感觉评分确定主观训练负荷(训练负荷、单调性、压力和体能-疲劳)。结果表明,自行车运动员的训练强度相对较低,主观疲劳感评分较低。此外,经过14周的训练,VO₂ max没有变化,而vVO₂(max)和vVT显著增加。因此,训练中的主观感受与训练效果之间可能存在差异。因此,从训练记录中收集的客观和主观指标为仅从生理指标记录中获得的信息提供了有用的补充。

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