Aujouannet Yannick A, Bonifazi Marco, Hintzy Frédérique, Vuillerme Nicolas, Rouard Annie H
Laboratoire de Modélisation des Activités Sportives, Bâtiment Beaufortain, Université de Savoie, Le Bourget Du Lac, France.
Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2006 Apr;31(2):150-8. doi: 10.1139/h05-012.
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a high-intensity swim test among top-level swimmers on (i) the spatial and temporal parameters of both the stroke and the 3-D fingertip pattern and (ii) the mechanical, muscular, and physiological parameters. Ten male international swimmers performed a 4 x 50 m swim at maximal intensity. Isometric arm flexion force with the elbow at 90 degrees (F90 degrees ), EMG signals of right musculus biceps brachii and triceps brachii and blood lactate concentrations were recorded before and after the swim test. Kinematic stroke (stroke length, rate, and velocity) and spatiotemporal parameters of the fingertip trajectory were measured by two underwater cameras during the first and last 50 m swims. After the swim test, F90 degrees and mean power frequencies of the EMG decreased significantly when blood lactate concentration increased significantly, attesting the reaching of fatigue. From the first to the last 50 m, stroke rate, stroke velocity, and temporal parameters of the fingertip trajectory exhibited significant increases although stroke length and spatial fingertip trajectory remained unchanged. General and individual adaptations were observed among the top-level swimmers studied. The present findings could be useful for coaches in evaluating fatigue effects on the technical parameters of swimming.
本研究旨在调查高强度游泳测试对顶级游泳运动员的影响，包括：（i）划水和三维指尖模式的空间和时间参数，以及（ii）力学、肌肉和生理参数。十名男性国际游泳运动员以最大强度进行了4×50米游泳测试。在游泳测试前后记录了肘部呈90度时的等长手臂屈力（F90度）、右肱二头肌和肱三头肌的肌电图信号以及血乳酸浓度。在第一次和最后一次50米游泳过程中，通过两台水下摄像机测量了划水运动学参数（划水长度、频率和速度）以及指尖轨迹的时空参数。游泳测试后，当血乳酸浓度显著增加时，F90度和肌电图的平均功率频率显著下降，证明出现了疲劳。从第一次50米到最后一次50米，划水频率、划水速度和指尖轨迹的时间参数显著增加，而划水长度和指尖轨迹的空间参数保持不变。在所研究的顶级游泳运动员中观察到了总体和个体适应性变化。本研究结果可能有助于教练评估疲劳对游泳技术参数的影响。
