Dilworth-Bart Janean E, Moore Colleen F
University of Wisconsin, WI, USA.
Child Dev. 2006 Mar-Apr;77(2):247-65. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00868.x.
Children's lead and pesticide exposures are used as examples to examine social disparities in exposure reduction efforts as well as environmental policies impacting children in poverty and minority children. The review also presents an estimate of the effect of social disparities in lead exposure on standardized test performance. Because including measures of pollutants with potential behavioral effects can alter the observed effects of race/ethnicity, income, and other variables, suggestions are made for including measures of pollutants in longitudinal studies and studies of multiple and cumulative risk. Continued basic research on developmental correlates and effects of pollution exposure, participatory action-research with at-risk and underrepresented populations, and contributions to public awareness and education are important leadership areas for developmental researchers.
儿童铅暴露和农药暴露被用作例子，以检验减少暴露努力方面的社会差异以及影响贫困儿童和少数族裔儿童的环境政策。该综述还给出了铅暴露方面的社会差异对标准化测试成绩影响的估计。由于纳入具有潜在行为影响的污染物测量指标可能会改变观察到的种族/民族、收入及其他变量的影响，因此针对在纵向研究以及多重和累积风险研究中纳入污染物测量指标提出了建议。对污染暴露的发育相关性和影响进行持续的基础研究、与高危和代表性不足人群开展参与式行动研究，以及对公众意识和教育做出贡献，是发展研究人员的重要引领领域。
