Rahman Redwanur M
School of Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Vic-3086, Australia.
BMC Int Health Hum Rights. 2006 Apr 12;6:4. doi: 10.1186/1472-698X-6-4.
This paper broadly discusses the role of the State of Bangladesh in the context of the health system and human rights. The interrelation between human rights, health and development are well documented. The recognition of health as a fundamental right by WHO and subsequent approval of health as an instrument of welfare by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) and the International Covenant on Social, Economic and Cultural Rights (ICSECR) further enhances the idea. Moreover, human rights are also recognized as an expedient of human development. The state is entrusted to realize the rights enunciated in the ICSECR.
In exploring the relationship of the human rights and health situation in Bangladesh, it is argued, in this paper, that the constitution and major policy documents of the Bangladesh government have recognized the health rights and development. Bangladesh has ratified most of the international treaties and covenants including ICCPR, ICESCR; and a signatory of international declarations including Alma-Ata, ICPD, Beijing declarations, and Millennium Development Goals. However the implementation of government policies and plans in the development of health institutions, human resources, accessibility and availability, resource distribution, rural-urban disparity, the male-female gap has put the health system in a dismal state. Neither the right to health nor the right to development has been established in the development of health system or in providing health care.
The development and service pattern of the health system have negative correlation with human rights and contributed to the underdevelopment of Bangladesh. The government should take comprehensive approach in prioritizing the health rights of the citizens and progressive realization of these rights.
本文广泛探讨了孟加拉国政府在卫生系统和人权背景下的作用。人权、健康与发展之间的相互关系已有充分记载。世界卫生组织将健康视为一项基本权利，随后《世界人权宣言》（UDHR）和《经济、社会及文化权利国际公约》（ICSECR）批准将健康作为一项福利手段，这进一步强化了这一理念。此外，人权也被视为人类发展的一个有利因素。国家受托实现《经济、社会及文化权利国际公约》所阐明的各项权利。
在探讨孟加拉国的人权与健康状况之间的关系时，本文认为，孟加拉国政府的宪法和主要政策文件已经承认了健康权利和发展。孟加拉国已批准了包括《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》（ICCPR）、《经济、社会及文化权利国际公约》（ICESCR）在内的大多数国际条约和公约；并且是包括《阿拉木图宣言》、《国际人口与发展会议行动纲领》、《北京宣言》和《千年发展目标》在内的国际宣言的签署国。然而，政府在卫生机构发展、人力资源、可及性和可得性、资源分配、城乡差距、男女差距等方面的政策和计划的实施，使卫生系统处于惨淡状态。在卫生系统发展或提供医疗保健方面，健康权和发展权都未得到确立。
卫生系统的发展和服务模式与人权呈负相关，并导致了孟加拉国的发展不足。政府应采取全面的方法，优先考虑公民的健康权，并逐步实现这些权利。
