Bertram Hanne C, Bach Knudsen Knud E, Serena Anja, Malmendal Anders, Nielsen Niels Chr, Fretté Xavier C, Andersen Henrik J
Department of Food Science, Danish Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Box 50, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark.
Br J Nutr. 2006 May;95(5):955-62. doi: 10.1079/bjn20061761.
This study presents an NMR-based metabonomic approach to elucidate the overall endogenous biochemical effects of a wholegrain diet. Two diets with similar levels of dietary fibre and macronutrients, but with contrasting levels of wholegrain ingredients, were prepared from wholegrain rye (wholegrain diet (WGD)) and non-wholegrain wheat (non-wholegrain diet (NWD)) and fed to four pigs in a crossover design. Plasma samples were collected after 7 d on each diet, and 1H NMR spectra were acquired on these. Partial least squares regression discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) on spectra obtained for plasma samples revealed that the spectral region at 3.25 parts per million dominates the differentiation between the two diets, as the WGD is associated with higher spectral intensity in this region. Spiking experiments and LC-MS analyses of the plasma verified that this spectral difference could be ascribed to a significantly higher content of betaine in WGD plasma samples compared with NWD samples. In an identical study with the same diets, urine samples were collected, and 1H NMR spectra were acquired on these. PLS-DA on spectra obtained for urine samples revealed changes in the intensities of spectral regions, which could be ascribed to differences in the content of betaine and creatine/creatinine between the two diets, and LC-MS analyses verified a significantly lower content of creatinine in WGD urine samples compared with NWD urine samples. In conclusion, using an explorative approach, the present studies disclosed biochemical effects of a wholegrain diet on plasma betaine content and excretion of betaine and creatinine.
本研究提出了一种基于核磁共振的代谢组学方法，以阐明全谷物饮食的整体内源性生化效应。用全麦黑麦（全谷物饮食（WGD））和非全麦小麦（非全谷物饮食（NWD））制备了两种膳食纤维和常量营养素水平相似但全谷物成分水平相反的饮食，并采用交叉设计喂给四头猪。每种饮食喂养7天后采集血浆样本，并对其进行1H核磁共振光谱分析。对血浆样本获得的光谱进行偏最小二乘回归判别分析（PLS-DA）表明，百万分之3.25处的光谱区域主导了两种饮食之间的差异，因为WGD在该区域具有更高的光谱强度。血浆的加标实验和液相色谱-质谱分析证实，这种光谱差异可归因于WGD血浆样本中的甜菜碱含量显著高于NWD样本。在一项使用相同饮食的相同研究中，收集了尿液样本，并对其进行1H核磁共振光谱分析。对尿液样本获得的光谱进行PLS-DA分析，结果显示光谱区域强度发生了变化，这可归因于两种饮食中甜菜碱和肌酸/肌酐含量的差异，液相色谱-质谱分析证实，与NWD尿液样本相比，WGD尿液样本中的肌酐含量显著降低。总之，通过探索性方法，本研究揭示了全谷物饮食对血浆甜菜碱含量以及甜菜碱和肌酐排泄的生化效应。
