Kavussanu Maria
School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK. m.kavussanu@~bham.ac.uk
J Sports Sci. 2006 Jun;24(6):575-88. doi: 10.1080/02640410500190825.
This study examined (a) the main and interactive effects of goal orientations and perceived motivational climate on prosocial and antisocial behaviour, and (b) whether number of seasons one has played for the team interacts with motivational climate in predicting prosocial and antisocial behaviour in association football. Participants were 325 male association football players, whose age ranged from 12 to 17 years. Athletes completed questionnaires measuring frequency of prosocial and antisocial behaviours in football, goal orientation, motivational climate and social desirability, and indicated the number of seasons they had played for their current team. Regression analyses revealed that task orientation and mastery climate were positive predictors of prosocial behaviour, whereas ego orientation and performance climate were positive predictors of antisocial behaviour. In addition, task orientation negatively predicted antisocial behaviour, while ego orientation negatively predicted prosocial behaviour. No significant interactions between task and ego orientation and mastery and performance motivational climate were found. Finally, mastery climate negatively predicted antisocial behaviour for those who had played many seasons for the team. In conclusion, strengthening task orientation and mastery climate and weakening ego orientation may enhance prosocial behaviour. However, for antisocial conduct to be eliminated from the context of association football, ego orientation and performance climate need to be tempered, as these constructs exert unique independent effects on antisocial behaviour.
（a）目标导向和感知到的动机氛围对亲社会行为和反社会行为的主要及交互作用；（b）一名球员为球队效力的赛季数是否与动机氛围相互作用，从而预测足球运动中的亲社会行为和反社会行为。研究参与者为325名男性足球运动员，年龄在12至17岁之间。运动员们完成了调查问卷，测量他们在足球运动中亲社会行为和反社会行为的频率、目标导向、动机氛围和社会期望，并指出他们为当前球队效力的赛季数。回归分析显示，任务导向和掌握氛围是亲社会行为的正向预测因素，而自我导向和成绩氛围是反社会行为的正向预测因素。此外，任务导向对反社会行为有负向预测作用，而自我导向对亲社会行为有负向预测作用。未发现任务导向与自我导向以及掌握氛围与成绩氛围之间存在显著的交互作用。最后，对于那些为球队效力多个赛季的球员来说，掌握氛围对反社会行为有负向预测作用。总之，强化任务导向和掌握氛围以及弱化自我导向可能会增强亲社会行为。然而，要在足球运动背景中消除反社会行为，就需要调节自我导向和成绩氛围，因为这些因素对反社会行为有独特的独立影响。
