Ryska T A, Yin Z
Department of Kinesiology, University of Texas at San Antonio 78249-0654, USA.
J Soc Psychol. 1999 Jun;139(3):335-42. doi: 10.1080/00224549909598389.
The present study examined the relationship between individual goal orientation, motivational team climate, perceived sport competence, and league structure among 216 youth soccer players. It was predicted that competitive league teams would report higher ego-involvement and performance-oriented team climate and lower sport competence than recreational teams. Discriminant analyses indicated that only the mastery-oriented team climate variable differentiated competitive and recreational teams. Athletes who participated in recreational teams reported a greater degree of mastery-oriented climate than competitive league players. The results suggest that athletes' perceptions of situational rather than dispositional aspects of achievement goals are more highly affected by the playing structure present in youth sport teams. The possible psychological benefits derived from the development of a mastery-oriented team climate in sports are discussed.
本研究调查了216名青少年足球运动员的个人目标取向、激励性团队氛围、感知运动能力和联赛结构之间的关系。研究预测，与娱乐性球队相比，竞争性联赛球队的自我投入程度更高，团队氛围更注重成绩，运动能力更低。判别分析表明，只有以掌握为导向的团队氛围变量能够区分竞争性和娱乐性球队。参加娱乐性球队的运动员所报告的以掌握为导向的氛围程度高于竞争性联赛球员。结果表明，运动员对成就目标的情境而非性格方面的认知，受青少年运动队现有比赛结构的影响更大。文中讨论了在体育中培养以掌握为导向的团队氛围可能带来的心理益处。
