Assessment of sublethal effects of clofentezine on life-table parameters in Hawthorn spider mite (Tetranychus viennensis).

A leaf disc bioassay was employed in the laboratory to assess the population responses of Tetranychus viennensis Zacher to clofentezine at three concentrations (LC(10), LC(25) and LC(50)) in three successive generations. Life-table parameters were calculated in each acaricide exposure regime and compared by jackknife procedures. Clofentezine treatments in the juvenile stages significantly delayed development of the mites, and this delay increased with increasing dose but decreased as the mites developed. Exposure to clofentezine reduced the net reproduction rate (R(0)) in a concentration-dependent manner. The LC(50) treatment had strong effects on the hatchability of eggs produced by surviving females. Hatch rate dropped from 0.83 in the untreated control to 0.51 in the third generation. When exposed to constant concentrations of clofentezine in three successive generations, the intrinsic rate of increase and R(0) of the mites decreased significantly, but they increased significantly when exposed to decreasing concentrations. Unexposed offspring of the exposed mother also displayed increases in R(0) and the jackknife procedures indicated no significant differences in R(0) between LC(10) and LC(25) offspring and their mothers vs. the control, while R(0) in unexposed LC(50) offspring was significantly higher than their mother's, but lower than that in the control. These changing patterns of r(m) reveal that acaricide effects at the population level strongly depend on the life-history characteristics of T. viennensis and the chemical mode of action.