Kariyawasam Harsha H, Robinson Douglas S
Allergy and Clinical Immunology, National Heart and Lung Institute, London, United Kingdom.
Semin Respir Crit Care Med. 2006 Apr;27(2):117-27. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-939514.
Although the functional role of eosinophils is primarily considered to be host defense against parasitic infection, current studies indicate that this complex cell is ideally adapted for other roles that may involve immune modulation and tissue repair. The eosinophil is an important source of basic proteins, lipid mediators, cytokines, and growth factors. In disease states, eosinophil mobilization from the marrow and circulation can be very rapid yet highly organized and cell selective, particularly in response to interleukin (IL) 5 and eotaxin. Such elaborate recruitment is regulated by a series of interactions by eosinophil receptors and the endothelium and extracellular matrix ligands. Several priming mechanisms activate the eosinophils during this recruitment process so that the cell arrives at its tissue destination prepared for immediate action and prolonged tissue survival. Degranulation is strictly controlled and allows the cell to differentially release its contents in an ordered manner. This is essential to prevent injury to tissue during migration. Therapy is still limited for eosinophil-driven diseases, but intervention at the key events that govern eosinophil recruitment and effector function may be the way forward.
尽管嗜酸性粒细胞的功能作用主要被认为是宿主抵御寄生虫感染，但目前的研究表明，这种复杂的细胞非常适合其他可能涉及免疫调节和组织修复的作用。嗜酸性粒细胞是碱性蛋白、脂质介质、细胞因子和生长因子的重要来源。在疾病状态下，嗜酸性粒细胞从骨髓和循环中的动员可以非常迅速，但却高度有序且具有细胞选择性，尤其是在对白细胞介素（IL）-5和嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子作出反应时。这种精细的募集过程受嗜酸性粒细胞受体与内皮细胞及细胞外基质配体之间一系列相互作用的调节。在这个募集过程中，几种启动机制会激活嗜酸性粒细胞，使细胞到达其组织目的地时已准备好立即行动并在组织中长时间存活。脱颗粒受到严格控制，使细胞能够以有序的方式有差异地释放其内容物。这对于防止迁移过程中对组织造成损伤至关重要。对于嗜酸性粒细胞驱动的疾病，治疗方法仍然有限，但针对控制嗜酸性粒细胞募集和效应功能的关键事件进行干预可能是前进的方向。
