Oliveira P A, Colaco A, De la Cruz P L F, Lopes C
Department of Veterinary Sciences, CECAV, University of Tras-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.
Exp Oncol. 2006 Mar;28(1):2-11.
Several rodent models of bladder cancer development have been established. The aim of this review article is to provide a critical assessment of different animal models available for the study of bladder carcinogenesis, its chemoprevention and therapy. All, except for transgenic and knockout animals, require 8-12 months experimental periods in order to generate a high yield of neoplasias. Spontaneous bladder tumor models are extremely rare. The significance of the results from animal experiments is dependent upon the selection of a suitable animal model. There are no rules regarding the choice of a model, it is however very useful to have knowledge of relevant comparative medical aspects concerning this subject. We describe chemical carcinogens most commonly used to induce bladder cancer, pellet implantation and urinary calculi, agents that promote bladder cancer, and irradiation. We also evaluated other tools such as cell cultures, tumor implantation and transgenic models for bladder cancer, that have been developed to study the process. The review considers how several imaging techniques can be applied to study rodent bladder carcinogenesis.
已经建立了几种膀胱癌发生的啮齿动物模型。这篇综述文章的目的是对可用于研究膀胱癌发生、化学预防和治疗的不同动物模型进行批判性评估。除转基因和基因敲除动物外，所有模型都需要8至12个月的实验期才能产生高发生率的肿瘤。自发性膀胱肿瘤模型极为罕见。动物实验结果的意义取决于合适动物模型的选择。关于模型的选择没有固定规则，然而了解有关该主题的相关比较医学方面的知识非常有用。我们描述了最常用于诱导膀胱癌的化学致癌物、颗粒植入和尿路结石、促进膀胱癌的因素以及辐射。我们还评估了其他工具，如细胞培养、肿瘤植入和用于膀胱癌研究的转基因模型，这些都是为研究该过程而开发的。该综述考虑了几种成像技术如何应用于研究啮齿动物膀胱癌的发生。
