Brockmole James R, Henderson John M
Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2005 Dec;12(6):1061-7. doi: 10.3758/bf03206444.
We examined the prioritization of abruptly appearing and disappearing objects in real-world scenes. These scene changes occurred either during a fixation (transient appearance/disappearance) or during a saccade (nontransient appearance/disappearance). Prioritization was measured by the eyes' propensity to be directed to the region of the scene change. Object additions and deletions were fixated at rates greater than chance, suggesting that both types of scene change arecues used by the visual system to guide attention during scene exploration, although appearances were fixated twice as often as disappearances, indicating that new objects are more salient than deleted objects. New and deleted objects were prioritized sooner and more frequently if they occurred during a fixation, as compared with during a saccade, indicating an important role of the transient signal that often accompanies sudden changes in scenes. New objects were prioritized regardless of whether they appeared during a fixation or a saccade, whereas prioritization of a deleted object occurred only if (1) a transient signal was present or (2) the removal of the object revealed previously occluded objects.
我们研究了现实场景中突然出现和消失的物体的优先级。这些场景变化要么发生在注视期间（短暂出现/消失），要么发生在扫视期间（非短暂出现/消失）。优先级通过眼睛指向场景变化区域的倾向来衡量。物体的添加和删除被注视的概率高于随机水平，这表明这两种类型的场景变化都是视觉系统在场景探索过程中用于引导注意力的线索，尽管出现被注视的频率是消失的两倍，这表明新物体比被删除的物体更显著。与扫视期间相比，如果新物体和被删除的物体出现在注视期间，它们会更快且更频繁地被优先处理，这表明伴随场景突然变化的短暂信号起着重要作用。无论新物体是在注视期间还是扫视期间出现，都会被优先处理，而只有在以下两种情况下才会优先处理被删除的物体：（1）存在短暂信号，或者（2）物体的移除揭示了先前被遮挡的物体。
