Jeyakumar Anita, Brickman Todd M, Jeyakumar Alwin, Doerr Timothy
Department of Otolaryngology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Ave., Box 629, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
Ear Nose Throat J. 2006 Mar;85(3):168-70, 172-3, 184.
We review the literature on nasopharyngeal carcinoma that has been published within the past 5 years. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a highly morbid disease, and survival is poor. Its management remains extremely difficult, not just for otolaryngologists but for radiation oncologists and medical oncologists, as well. A clear understanding of its etiology is still lacking, but nasopharyngeal carcinoma is widely suspected to be the result of both a genetic susceptibility and exposure to environmental factors or Epstein-Barr virus infection. With no clear cause, treatment is controversial. For example, an optimal radiation regimen has not been determined, reports in the literature regarding the role of chemotherapy for advanced disease are conflicting, and treatment of local recurrences is unsettled. Still, advances in immunologic research and chemotherapy offer hope for better control of the disease. We hope that our assessment of the recent literature will provide otolaryngologists with a more clear understanding of the etiology and management of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
我们回顾了过去5年内发表的关于鼻咽癌的文献。鼻咽癌是一种高发病率的疾病，生存率很低。其治疗仍然极具挑战性，不仅对耳鼻喉科医生而言如此，对放射肿瘤学家和医学肿瘤学家来说也是如此。目前仍缺乏对其病因的清晰认识，但人们普遍怀疑鼻咽癌是遗传易感性以及接触环境因素或感染爱泼斯坦-巴尔病毒所致。由于病因不明，治疗存在争议。例如，尚未确定最佳放疗方案，文献中关于化疗在晚期疾病中的作用的报道相互矛盾，局部复发的治疗也尚无定论。尽管如此，免疫学研究和化疗的进展为更好地控制该疾病带来了希望。我们希望我们对近期文献的评估能让耳鼻喉科医生对鼻咽癌的病因和治疗有更清晰的认识。
