Myong Sua, Stevens Benjamin C, Ha Taekjip
Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
Structure. 2006 Apr;14(4):633-43. doi: 10.1016/j.str.2006.02.005.
In a typical structure-function relation study, the primary structure of proteins or nucleic acids is changed by mutagenesis and its functional effect is measured via biochemical means. Single-molecule spectroscopy has begun to give a whole new meaning to the "structure-function relation" by measuring the real-time conformational changes of individual biological macromolecules while they are functioning. This review discusses a few recent examples: untangling internal chemistry and conformational dynamics of a ribozyme, branch migration landscape of a Holliday junction at a single-step resolution, tRNA selection and dynamics in a ribosome, repetitive shuttling and snapback of a helicase, and discrete rotation of an ATP synthase.
在典型的结构-功能关系研究中，蛋白质或核酸的一级结构通过诱变改变，其功能效应通过生化手段测定。单分子光谱通过测量单个生物大分子在发挥功能时的实时构象变化，开始赋予“结构-功能关系”全新的意义。本综述讨论了一些近期的例子：解开核酶的内部化学和构象动力学、以单步分辨率观察霍利迪连接体的分支迁移图谱、核糖体中的tRNA选择和动力学、解旋酶的重复穿梭和回折，以及ATP合酶的离散旋转。
