Clark Nicolas C, Dietze Paul, Lenné Michael G, Redman Jennifer R
Turning Point Alcohol and Drug Center Inc., Victoria, Australia.
J Subst Abuse Treat. 2006 Apr;30(3):191-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jsat.2005.11.010.
Forty opioid substitution patients (methadone, n = 14; LAAM, n = 14; and buprenorphine, n = 12) who were participating in a study on the impact of opiate substitution treatment on driving ability and 22 non-opiate-using control subjects were administered 14.7 g/70 kg of alcohol in two separate sessions, one 2-3 hours before opioid pharmacotherapy dosing and the other 1-2 hours after dosing. The mean blood alcohol concentration (BAC) in the post-opioid dose session was significantly lower than that in the pre-opioid dose session (p < .05). There was a significant effect of experimental group (LAAM, methadone, buprenorphine, or control) on BAC in sessions conducted 1-2 hours after the opioid substitution dose (p < .01). There was a trend for a reduced effect of experimental group on BAC in the pre-opioid substitution dose session (p = .06). The BAC of non-opioid substitution control subjects was significantly higher than that of the LAAM (before and after LAAM dosing) and methadone (after methadone dosing; p < .05) patients. These findings provide evidence for the first time of an interaction between opiates and alcohol in humans that is strongest at the time of peak opiate plasma levels in the hours after opioid dosing.
40名接受阿片类药物替代治疗的患者（美沙酮组14人；长效美沙酮组14人；丁丙诺啡组12人）参与了一项关于阿片类药物替代治疗对驾驶能力影响的研究，另外22名未使用阿片类药物的对照受试者在两个不同时段分别摄入了14.7 g/70 kg的酒精，一次是在阿片类药物治疗给药前2 - 3小时，另一次是在给药后1 - 2小时。阿片类药物给药后时段的平均血液酒精浓度（BAC）显著低于给药前时段（p < 0.05）。在阿片类药物替代给药后1 - 2小时进行的测试中，实验组（长效美沙酮、美沙酮、丁丙诺啡或对照组）对BAC有显著影响（p < 0.01）。在阿片类药物替代给药前时段，实验组对BAC的影响有降低趋势（p = 0.06）。未接受阿片类药物替代治疗的对照受试者的BAC显著高于长效美沙酮组（长效美沙酮给药前后）和美沙酮组（美沙酮给药后；p < 0.05）患者。这些发现首次为人类中阿片类药物与酒精之间的相互作用提供了证据，这种相互作用在阿片类药物给药后数小时血浆浓度达到峰值时最强。
