Nowicki Roman
Akademia Medyczna w Gdańsku, Katedra i Klinika Dermatologii, Wenerologii i Alergologii.
Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2006 Jan;20(115):121-4.
Dandruff is a common complaint and is suffered by as many as 50% of the population at some time during their life and cause significant discomfort. The condition is generally characterized by the presence of flakes on the scalp and in the hair, and by itch. The symptoms can vary, and the severity can range from mild scaling, similar to dry skin, to severe scaling. Its prevalence and severity is greatest in young men, with children and older individuals suffering less frequently. It is commonly aggravated by changes in humidity, trauma (e.g., scratching), seasonal changes, and emotional stress. Dandruff responds to everyday shampooing and a longer period of lathering. Use of hair spray or hair pomades (gels) should be stopped. Salicylic acid, tar, selenium, sulfur, and zinc all are effective in shampoos and may be alternated. Overnight occlusion of salicylic or urea oil may help to soften thick, scalp plaques. The common causative agent is now accepted to be the lipohilic yeasts Malassezia spp. (previously Pityrosporum) which is increased in the scaly epidermis of both dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis sufferers. Selenium sulfide, imidazoles or ciclopirox olamine shampoos may help by reducing Malassezia scalp reservoirs. The wide range of antifungal shampoos available provides safe, effective and flexible treatment options for dandruff.
头皮屑是一种常见的问题，多达50%的人在其一生中的某个时候会受到影响，并会引起明显不适。这种情况通常表现为头皮和头发上有片状物，伴有瘙痒。症状可能各不相同，严重程度从类似于干性皮肤的轻度脱屑到严重脱屑不等。其患病率和严重程度在年轻男性中最高，儿童和老年人发病频率较低。湿度变化、外伤（如搔抓）、季节变化和情绪压力通常会加重头皮屑问题。日常洗发并延长泡沫停留时间对头皮屑有效果。应停止使用发胶或发蜡（凝胶）。水杨酸、焦油、硒、硫磺和锌在洗发水中都有效，可交替使用。水杨酸或尿素油过夜封包可能有助于软化头皮上厚厚的斑块。现在普遍认为常见的病原体是亲脂性酵母马拉色菌属（以前称为糠秕孢子菌），在头皮屑和脂溢性皮炎患者的鳞屑性表皮中数量增加。硫化硒、咪唑类或环吡酮胺洗发水可能通过减少马拉色菌在头皮中的数量而有所帮助。市面上种类繁多的抗真菌洗发水为头皮屑提供了安全、有效且灵活的治疗选择。
