Cowley Hanni R, Ford Kevin R, Myer Gregory D, Kernozek Thomas W, Hewett Timothy E
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Sports Medicine Biodynamics Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
J Athl Train. 2006 Jan-Mar;41(1):67-73.
High school female athletes are most likely to sustain a serious knee injury during soccer or basketball, 2 sports that often involve a rapid deceleration before a change of direction or while landing from a jump.
To determine if female high school basketball and soccer players show neuromuscular differences during landing and cutting tasks and to examine neuromuscular differences between tasks and between dominant and nondominant sides.
A 3-way mixed factorial design investigating the effects of sport (basketball, soccer), task (jumping, cutting), and side (dominant, nondominant).
Laboratory.
Thirty high school female athletes who listed either basketball or soccer as their only sport of participation (basketball: n = 15, age = 15.1 +/- 1.7 years, experience = 6.9 +/- 2.2 years, height = 165.3 +/- 7.9 cm, mass = 61.8 +/- 9.3 kg; soccer: n = 15, age = 14.8 +/- 0.8 years, experience = 8.8 +/- 2.5 years, height = 161.8 +/- 4.1 cm, mass = 54.6 +/- 7.6 kg).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Ground reaction forces, stance time, valgus angles, and valgus moments were assessed during (1) a drop vertical jump with an immediate maximal vertical jump and (2) an immediate side-step cut at a 45 degrees angle.
Basketball athletes had greater ground reaction forces (P < .001) and decreased stance time (P < .001) during the drop vertical jump, whereas soccer players had greater ground reaction forces (P <.001) and decreased stance time (P < .001) during the cut. Subjects in both sports had greater valgus angles (initial contact and maximum, P = .02 and P = .012, respectively) during cutting than during the drop vertical jump. Greater valgus moments (P = .006) were noted on the dominant side during cutting.
Our subjects demonstrated differences in ground reaction forces and stance times during 2 movements associated with noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Knee valgus moment and angle were significantly influenced by the type of movement performed. Sport-specific neuromuscular training may be warranted, with basketball players focusing on jumping and landing and soccer players focusing on unanticipated cutting maneuvers.
高中女运动员在足球或篮球运动中最容易遭受严重的膝盖损伤，这两项运动经常在改变方向前或从跳跃落地时涉及快速减速。
确定高中女子篮球和足球运动员在落地和变向任务中是否表现出神经肌肉差异，并检查任务之间以及优势侧和非优势侧之间的神经肌肉差异。
采用三因素混合设计，研究运动项目（篮球、足球）、任务（跳跃、变向）和肢体侧别（优势侧、非优势侧）的影响。
实验室。
30名高中女运动员，她们将篮球或足球列为唯一参与的运动项目（篮球组：n = 15，年龄 = 15.1 ± 1.7岁，运动经验 = 6.9 ± 2.2年，身高 = 165.3 ± 7.9厘米，体重 = 61.8 ± 9.3千克；足球组：n = 15，年龄 = 14.8 ± 0.8岁，运动经验 = 8.8 ± 2.5年，身高 = 161.8 ± 4.1厘米，体重 = 54.6 ± 7.6千克）。
在（1）垂直下落跳接立即进行的最大垂直跳以及（2）立即以45度角进行的侧步变向过程中，评估地面反作用力、站立时间、外翻角度和外翻力矩。
篮球运动员在垂直下落跳时地面反作用力更大（P < .001）且站立时间缩短（P < .001），而足球运动员在变向时地面反作用力更大（P <.001）且站立时间缩短（P < .001）。两项运动的受试者在变向时的外翻角度（初始接触和最大时，分别为P = .02和P = .012）均大于垂直下落跳时。变向时优势侧的外翻力矩更大（P = .006）。
我们的受试者在与非接触性前交叉韧带损伤相关的两种运动中，地面反作用力和站立时间存在差异。膝盖外翻力矩和角度受所执行运动类型的显著影响。可能需要进行针对运动项目的神经肌肉训练，篮球运动员应专注于跳跃和落地，足球运动员应专注于意外变向动作。
