Caplan Arnold I, Dennis James E
Department of Biology, Skeletal Research Center, Case Western Reserve University, 2080 Adelbert Road, Cleveland, OH 44106-7080, USA.
J Cell Biochem. 2006 Aug 1;98(5):1076-84. doi: 10.1002/jcb.20886.
Adult marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) are capable of dividing and their progeny are further capable of differentiating into one of several mesenchymal phenotypes such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes, myocytes, marrow stromal cells, tendon-ligament fibroblasts, and adipocytes. In addition, these MSCs secrete a variety of cytokines and growth factors that have both paracrine and autocrine activities. These secreted bioactive factors suppress the local immune system, inhibit fibrosis (scar formation) and apoptosis, enhance angiogenesis, and stimulate mitosis and differentiation of tissue-intrinsic reparative or stem cells. These effects, which are referred to as trophic effects, are distinct from the direct differentiation of MSCs into repair tissue. Several studies which tested the use of MSCs in models of infarct (injured heart), stroke (brain), or meniscus regeneration models are reviewed within the context of MSC-mediated trophic effects in tissue repair.
成人骨髓间充质干细胞（MSC）能够分裂，其后代进一步能够分化为几种间充质表型之一，如成骨细胞、软骨细胞、肌细胞、骨髓基质细胞、肌腱韧带成纤维细胞和脂肪细胞。此外，这些MSC分泌多种具有旁分泌和自分泌活性的细胞因子和生长因子。这些分泌的生物活性因子抑制局部免疫系统，抑制纤维化（瘢痕形成）和细胞凋亡，增强血管生成，并刺激组织内源性修复或干细胞的有丝分裂和分化。这些效应被称为营养作用，与MSC直接分化为修复组织不同。本文在MSC介导的组织修复营养作用的背景下，综述了几项在梗死（心脏损伤）、中风（脑）模型或半月板再生模型中测试MSC应用的研究。
