Allan S A, Bernier U R, Kline D L
Center for Medical, Agricultural and Agricultural Entomology, USDA-ARS, 1600/1700, 23rd Drive, P.O. Box 14565, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA.
J Med Entomol. 2006 Mar;43(2):225-31. doi: 10.1603/0022-2585(2006)043[0225:leoaof]2.0.co;2.
Attraction of Culex quinquefasciatus Say, Culex tarsalis Coquillett, Culex nigripalpus Theobald, and Aedes aegypti (L.) to avian and other host odors was investigated in a dual-port olfactometer. Although attraction to a human arm was high for Ae. aegypti (>80%) and low for all Culex spp. (<25%), all species responded similarly to a chicken (55.3-73.6%). Responses of Ae. aegypti, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and Cx. nigripalpus to feathers were low (<20%) but greater than to controls. There was no difference in attraction of Cx. tarsalis to feathers or controls. Responses to CO2 (5 ml/min) were low for all species (<15%) except Cx. tarsalis, which were moderate (24.5%). When feathers were combined with CO2, the resulting attraction was additive or lower than responses to feather and CO2 alone for all species except for Cx. tarsalis, which had responses that were three-fold greater than expected if responses were additive. The CO2-feather treatments were less attractive than a chicken for all species. When olfactometer assays were extended from 3 to 20 min, responses by Ae. aegypti significantly increased to a chicken and CO2 and attraction of Cx. quinquefasciatus significantly greater to chickens, CO2, and feathers. None of the volatile compounds previously identified from feathers or uropygial glands tested were attractive. Both feather-rubbed cotton balls and hexane extracts of feathers were attractive and as attractive as feathers; however, ether extracts were not attractive. Feathers clearly contribute to the attraction of host-seeking Culex spp., and future studies will focus on identification of the attractant compounds.
在双端口嗅觉仪中研究了致倦库蚊（Culex quinquefasciatus Say）、尖音库蚊（Culex tarsalis Coquillett）、黑须库蚊（Culex nigripalpus Theobald）和埃及伊蚊（Aedes aegypti (L.)）对禽类及其他宿主气味的趋性。尽管埃及伊蚊对人手臂的趋性较高（>80%），而所有库蚊属物种对人手臂的趋性较低（<25%），但所有物种对鸡的趋性相似（55.3 - 73.6%）。埃及伊蚊、致倦库蚊和黑须库蚊对羽毛的趋性较低（<20%），但高于对对照物的趋性。尖音库蚊对羽毛和对照物的趋性没有差异。除尖音库蚊趋性适中（24.5%）外，所有物种对二氧化碳（5毫升/分钟）的趋性都较低（<15%）。当羽毛与二氧化碳结合时，除尖音库蚊外，所有物种产生的趋性为相加性或低于单独对羽毛和二氧化碳的趋性，尖音库蚊的反应比相加预期大三倍。对于所有物种，二氧化碳 - 羽毛处理的吸引力都低于鸡。当嗅觉仪试验从3分钟延长至20分钟时，埃及伊蚊对鸡和二氧化碳的反应显著增加，致倦库蚊对鸡、二氧化碳和羽毛的趋性显著增强。之前从羽毛或尾脂腺中鉴定出的挥发性化合物均无吸引力。羽毛擦拭过的棉球和羽毛的己烷提取物都具有吸引力，且与羽毛的吸引力相同；然而，乙醚提取物没有吸引力。羽毛显然有助于寻找宿主的库蚊属物种的趋性，未来的研究将集中于鉴定引诱化合物。
