Haro Josep M, Palacín Concepció, Vilagut Gemma, Martínez Montse, Bernal Mariola, Luque Inma, Codony Miquel, Dolz Montse, Alonso Jordi
Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo, Sant Joan de Déu-Serveis de Salut Mental, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain.
Med Clin (Barc). 2006 Apr 1;126(12):445-51. doi: 10.1157/13086324.
The ESEMeD-Spain project is an epidemiological study about mental disorders in Spain. We present 12 month-prevalence and lifetime-prevalence of the main mood, anxiety and alcohol use disorders; the influence of sociodemographic factors on its presence and age of onset of the disorders.
Cross-sectional household survey of a representative sample of the population of Spain 18 years or older. Sample size was 5.473 individuals. The WHO World Mental Health Survey Initiative version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI) was used. Response rate was 78.6%. Results have been weighted to represent the population of Spain.
19.5% of the individuals presented a mental disorder sometime in their lifetime (lifetime-prevalence) and 8.4% in the last 12 months (12 month-prevalence). The most frequent mental disorder was major depressive episode, with a 12-month prevalence of 3.9% and a lifetime-prevalence of 10.5%. The other most lifetime prevalent disorders were specific phobia, alcohol abuse disorder, and dysthymia. Factors associated to presenting a mental disorder were being female, being separated, divorced or widowed, and being unemployed, on sick leave or incapacitated. Social phobia, agoraphobia and specific phobia appear at younger ages, while mood disorders and panic disorder appears later in life.
The ESEMeD-Spain study can provide careful outcomes to understand the impact of mental disorders in Spain.
西班牙ESEMeD项目是一项关于西班牙精神障碍的流行病学研究。我们呈现了主要情绪、焦虑和酒精使用障碍的12个月患病率及终生患病率；社会人口学因素对这些障碍的存在及其发病年龄的影响。
对西班牙18岁及以上具有代表性的人群样本进行横断面家庭调查。样本量为5473人。使用了世界卫生组织世界心理健康调查倡议版的复合国际诊断访谈（WMH-CIDI）。应答率为78.6%。结果已进行加权以代表西班牙人口。
19.5%的个体在其一生中曾患精神障碍（终生患病率），8.4%在过去12个月内患病（12个月患病率）。最常见的精神障碍是重度抑郁发作，12个月患病率为3.9%，终生患病率为10.5%。其他终生患病率较高的障碍是特定恐惧症、酒精滥用障碍和恶劣心境。与患精神障碍相关的因素包括女性、分居、离婚或丧偶，以及失业、病假或丧失工作能力。社交恐惧症、广场恐惧症和特定恐惧症发病年龄较小，而情绪障碍和惊恐障碍发病较晚。
西班牙ESEMeD研究能够提供严谨的结果，以了解精神障碍在西班牙的影响。
