Brewin Chris R
University College London, London, UK.
Behav Res Ther. 2006 Jun;44(6):765-84. doi: 10.1016/j.brat.2006.02.005. Epub 2006 Apr 18.
Vulnerability to emotional disorders is thought to lie in memory representations (e.g. negative self-schemas) that are activated by triggering events and maintain negative mood. There has been considerable uncertainty about how the influence of these representations can be altered, prompted in part by the development of new metacognitive therapies. This article reviews research suggesting there are multiple memories involving the self that compete to be retrieved. It is proposed that CBT does not directly modify negative information in memory, but produces changes in the relative activation of positive and negative representations such that the positive ones are assisted to win the retrieval competition. This account is related to the treatment of common symptoms typical of emotional disorders, such as phobic reactions, rumination, and intrusive images and memories. It is shown to provide a parsimonious set of principles that have the potential to unify traditional and more modern variants of CBT.
人们认为，情绪障碍的易感性在于记忆表征（如消极的自我图式），这些表征会被触发事件激活并维持负面情绪。关于如何改变这些表征的影响存在相当大的不确定性，这在一定程度上是由新的元认知疗法的发展所引发的。本文回顾了相关研究，这些研究表明存在多个涉及自我的记忆相互竞争以被提取。有人提出，认知行为疗法并非直接修改记忆中的负面信息，而是改变积极和消极表征的相对激活程度，从而帮助积极表征在提取竞争中获胜。这一观点与情绪障碍典型常见症状的治疗相关，如恐惧反应、反复思考以及侵入性的图像和记忆。结果表明，它提供了一套简洁的原则，有可能统一认知行为疗法的传统和现代变体。
