Fordyce Geoffry, Entwistle Keith, Norman Scott, Perry Vivienne, Gardiner Ben, Fordyce Patrick
Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, PO Box 976, Charters Towers, Qld 4807, Australia.
Theriogenology. 2006 Sep 15;66(5):1140-8. doi: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.03.009. Epub 2006 Apr 18.
There is substantial variation in bull breeding soundness evaluation procedures and reports in Australia; the situation is compounded by difficulties in interpretation and the validity of many reports. In an effort to overcome this, the scientific literature was reviewed [Fordyce G. In: Fordyce G, editor. Bull fertility: selection and management in Australia. Eight Mile Plains, Australia: Australian Cattle Vets; 2002] and the needs of stakeholders were considered in preparing a manual, Evaluating and Reporting Bull Fertility [Entwistle KW, Fordyce G. Evaluating and reporting bull fertility. Eight Mile Plains, Australia: Australian Cattle Vets; 2003.] that outlined standards for assessing and reporting bull breeding soundness. A new recording and reporting system, called Bull Reporter, is based on standards from this manual and groups bull fertility traits into five summary categories: Scrotum, Physical, Crush-side Semen, Sperm Morphology, and Serving. The client will generally select which categories they wish to have included in the evaluation to suit their specific purposes. While there is adequate room for comments, the veterinarian is not required to make an overall judgment of whether the bull has normal capacity to sire calves under natural mating management, but ensures the standards for each selected category are met. Professional, standardised, easy-to-read reports are produced either electronically [Entwistle KW, Fordyce G. Evaluating and reporting bull fertility. Eight Mile Plains, Australia: Australian Cattle Vets; 2003.] or manually. A bull owner or their agent signs the certificate to affirm that bulls have not undergone procedures to rectify faults which may have otherwise caused them to fail the standards. An accreditation system for assessing sperm morphology was established because of its demonstrated relationship with pregnancy rates and because of the difficulties in achieving consistent and accurate assessments among laboratories. It is considered that Bull Reporter is applicable to beef and dairy bulls across all levels of management, genotypes and environments throughout Australia, with substantial potential for application elsewhere in the world.
澳大利亚公牛繁殖健全性评估程序和报告存在很大差异；许多报告在解读和有效性方面存在困难，使情况更加复杂。为克服这一问题，对科学文献进行了综述[福代斯G。载于：福代斯G，编辑。公牛繁殖力：澳大利亚的选择与管理。澳大利亚八里平原：澳大利亚牛兽医协会；2002年]，并在编写《评估与报告公牛繁殖力》手册[恩特威斯尔KW，福代斯G。评估与报告公牛繁殖力。澳大利亚八里平原：澳大利亚牛兽医协会；2003年]时考虑了利益相关者的需求，该手册概述了评估和报告公牛繁殖健全性的标准。一种名为“公牛报告员”的新记录和报告系统基于该手册的标准，将公牛繁殖力性状分为五个汇总类别：阴囊、体格、挤压侧精液、精子形态和配种。客户通常会根据其特定目的选择希望纳入评估的类别。虽然有足够的空间进行评论，但兽医无需对公牛在自然交配管理下产犊的正常能力做出总体判断，只需确保所选每个类别的标准得到满足。专业、标准化、易于阅读的报告可以通过电子方式[恩特威斯尔KW，福代斯G。评估与报告公牛繁殖力。澳大利亚八里平原：澳大利亚牛兽医协会；2003年]或手动生成。公牛所有者或其代理人在证书上签字，确认公牛未接受过纠正可能导致其不符合标准的缺陷的程序。由于精子形态与妊娠率之间已证实的关系，以及各实验室在实现一致和准确评估方面存在困难，因此建立了精子形态评估认证系统。据认为，“公牛报告员”适用于澳大利亚各级管理、基因型和环境下的肉牛和奶牛公牛，在世界其他地方也有很大的应用潜力。
