Barin Francis, Plantier Jean-Christophe, Brand Denys, Brunet Sylvie, Moreau Alain, Liandier Benoit, Thierry Damien, Cazein Françoise, Lot Florence, Semaille Caroline, Desenclos Jean-Claude
Université François-Rabelais, Centre National de Référence du VIH and Inserm Espri EA 3856, Tours, France.
J Med Virol. 2006;78 Suppl 1:S13-8. doi: 10.1002/jmv.20600.
Many studies have demonstrated the utility of the dried blood spot (DBS) or dried plasma/serum spot (DSS) method for serological and molecular diagnosis of HIV infection. Here, we report on the description of a serotyping assay performed on DSS, and its application to a national surveillance program of HIV variants. We combined serotyping assays that we developed previously to discriminate between HIV-1 and HIV-2, between HIV-1 group O and HIV-1 group M, and between B and non-B subtypes of HIV-1 group M. The assays are based on antibody binding to either the immunodominant epitope of gp41 or the V3 domain of gp120 of these various types, groups and subtypes. Therefore, a unique enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) format applied to serum eluted from DSS allowed the simultaneous discrimination between infections caused by HIV-1 B, HIV-1 non-B, HIV-1 group O, and HIV-2. Together, this serotyping assay and an immunoassay for recent infection were used for a virological surveillance linked to the anonymous mandatory notification of HIV infection in France. The preliminary results of this virological surveillance allowed us to obtain estimates of the prevalence of the rare variants HIV-2 and HIV-1 group O. It also allowed identification of the two first cases of M/O dual infections reported outside the endemic group O region of the western part of equatorial Africa, and showed that non-B subtypes circulate widely in France, almost 50% of new HIV diagnoses in 2003 being due to these variants.
许多研究已证明干血斑（DBS）或干血浆/血清斑（DSS）方法在HIV感染血清学和分子诊断中的实用性。在此，我们报告了一项在DSS上进行的血清分型检测方法的描述及其在HIV变异体国家监测项目中的应用。我们将之前开发的血清分型检测方法结合起来，以区分HIV-1和HIV-2、HIV-1 O组和HIV-1 M组，以及HIV-1 M组的B亚型和非B亚型。这些检测基于抗体与这些不同类型、组和亚型的gp41免疫显性表位或gp120的V3结构域的结合。因此，一种应用于从DSS洗脱的血清的独特酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）形式能够同时区分由HIV-1 B、HIV-1非B、HIV-1 O组和HIV-2引起的感染。这种血清分型检测方法与一种针对近期感染的免疫检测方法一起，被用于与法国HIV感染匿名强制报告相关的病毒学监测。这项病毒学监测的初步结果使我们能够获得罕见变异体HIV-2和HIV-1 O组流行率的估计值。它还使我们能够识别出在赤道非洲西部O组地方性流行区域以外报告的首批两例M/O双重感染病例，并表明非B亚型在法国广泛传播，2003年近50%的新HIV诊断病例归因于这些变异体。
