Sekar K
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Infant Breathing Disorders Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
J Perinatol. 2006 May;26 Suppl 1:S4-7; discussion S22-3. doi: 10.1038/sj.jp.7211497.
Nitric oxide (NO) is a gas that has potent vasodilator properties. It can be administered via inhalation in situations where NO production is impaired and results in vasodilatation of the pulmonary capillaries. In term infants, the administration of inhaled NO, at a dose of 20 parts per million, may reduce the need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation by reducing pulmonary vascular resistance and improving oxygenation. Inhaled NO is an approved therapy in term babies with severe hypoxemic respiratory failure. In premature infants, inhaled NO may increase bleeding time and decrease platelet aggregation resulting in an increased risk for intraventricular hemorrhage. Early administration of inhaled NO may also potentially decrease the risk for developing chronic lung disease in premature infants. However, since studies show conflicting results, inhaled NO should only be used in premature neonates following investigational review board approved protocols.
一氧化氮（NO）是一种具有强大血管舒张特性的气体。在一氧化氮生成受损且导致肺毛细血管血管舒张的情况下，可通过吸入方式给药。对于足月儿，以百万分之二十的剂量吸入一氧化氮，可通过降低肺血管阻力和改善氧合作用，减少体外膜肺氧合的需求。吸入一氧化氮是治疗足月重度低氧性呼吸衰竭婴儿的一种获批疗法。对于早产儿，吸入一氧化氮可能会延长出血时间并降低血小板聚集，从而增加脑室内出血的风险。早期吸入一氧化氮也可能会降低早产儿患慢性肺病的风险。然而，由于研究结果相互矛盾，吸入一氧化氮仅应在经研究审查委员会批准的方案下用于早产新生儿。
