Mündel Toby, Jones David A
Human Performance Laboratory, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
Exp Physiol. 2006 Jul;91(4):705-13. doi: 10.1113/expphysiol.2006.033373. Epub 2006 Apr 20.
Nicotine is widely reported to increase alertness, improve co-ordination and enhance cognitive performance; however, to our knowledge there have been no attempts to replicate these findings in relation to exercise endurance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects nicotine might have on cycling endurance, perception of exertion and a range of physiological variables. With local ethics committee approval and having obtained informed consent, 12 healthy, non-smoking men (22 +/- 3 years; maximal O2 uptake, 56 +/- 6 ml kg(-1) min(-1), mean +/- s.d.) cycled to exhaustion at 18 degrees C and 65% of their peak aerobic power, wearing either a 7 mg transdermal nicotine patch (NIC) or a colour-matched placebo (PLA) in a randomized cross-over design; water was available ad libitum. Subjects were exercising at approximately 75% of their maximal O2 uptake with no differences in cadence between trials. Ten out of 12 subjects cycled for longer with NIC administration, and this resulted in a significant 17 +/- 7% improvement in performance (P < 0.05). No differences were observed for perceived exertion, heart rate or ventilation. There were no differences in concentrations of plasma glucose, lactate or circulating fatty acids. In the absence of any effect on peripheral markers, we conclude that nicotine prolongs endurance by a central mechanism. Possible modes of action are suggested.
据广泛报道，尼古丁可提高警觉性、改善协调性并增强认知能力；然而，据我们所知，尚未有人尝试在运动耐力方面重复这些研究结果。本研究的目的是确定尼古丁对骑行耐力、运动感知以及一系列生理变量可能产生的影响。经当地伦理委员会批准并获得知情同意后，12名健康的非吸烟男性（22±3岁；最大摄氧量56±6 ml·kg⁻¹·min⁻¹，平均值±标准差）在18摄氏度、其峰值有氧功率的65%的条件下骑行至力竭，采用随机交叉设计，分别佩戴7毫克的经皮尼古丁贴片（NIC）或颜色匹配的安慰剂（PLA）；可随意饮水。受试者在约75%的最大摄氧量下运动，各试验间的踏频无差异。12名受试者中有10名在使用尼古丁贴片时骑行时间更长，这使得运动表现显著提高了17±7%（P<0.05）。在运动感知、心率或通气方面未观察到差异。血浆葡萄糖、乳酸或循环脂肪酸浓度也无差异。鉴于对周围指标没有任何影响，我们得出结论，尼古丁通过中枢机制延长耐力。文中还提出了可能的作用方式。
