Sato Hiroshi, Suzuki Kazuo, Osanai Arihiro, Kamiya Haruo, Furuoka Hidefumi
Department of Parasitology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan.
J Parasitol. 2006 Feb;92(1):63-8. doi: 10.1645/GE-623R.1.
Strongyloides procyonis Little, 1966 was detected about 45 years ago in raccoons (Procyon lotor) of southern Louisiana, U.S.A., and was demonstrated experimentally to cause creeping eruption and a short-lived intestinal infection in a healthy human volunteer. After its description and demonstration of its pathogenicity in humans, S. procyonis has not been found in raccoons in North America despite repeated surveys. During a survey on feral raccoons in Japan, S. procyonis parasitic females were identified in 66 (28.3%) of 233 raccoons collected between May 2004 and January 2005. The number of parasitic females recovered from individual raccoons was 1-197 (geomean, 3.2). Both the morphological features and the nucleotide sequences of the small and large subunit ribosomal RNA genes (SSU/LSU rDNA) of S. procyonis closely resembled those of zoonotic Strongyloides stercoralis. The sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1 and 28S rDNA could differentiate clearly these 2 species. Awareness of S. procyonis in raccoons in North America and other places worldwide where raccoons are introduced and naturalized is important to assess the epidemiological significance of this potentially zoonotic helminth species.
1966年，利特尔氏浣熊类圆线虫（Strongyloides procyonis）在45年前于美国路易斯安那州南部的浣熊（Procyon lotor）中被发现，并在一名健康人类志愿者身上通过实验证明其可引发匐行疹和短暂的肠道感染。在对其进行描述并证明其对人类的致病性之后，尽管多次进行调查，但在北美的浣熊中尚未发现利特尔氏浣熊类圆线虫。在对日本野生浣熊的一项调查中，在2004年5月至2005年1月收集的233只浣熊中的66只（28.3%）中鉴定出了寄生的利特尔氏浣熊类圆线虫雌性。从每只浣熊身上回收的寄生雌性数量为1 - 197只（几何平均值为3.2只）。利特尔氏浣熊类圆线虫的小亚基和大亚基核糖体RNA基因（SSU/LSU rDNA）的形态特征和核苷酸序列与具有人畜共患性的粪类圆线虫（Strongyloides stercoralis）非常相似。内部转录间隔区（ITS）1和28S rDNA的序列可以清楚地区分这两个物种。了解北美以及世界其他引入并归化了浣熊的地方的浣熊中的利特尔氏浣熊类圆线虫，对于评估这种潜在的人畜共患性蠕虫物种的流行病学意义很重要。
