Otranto Domenico, Deplazes Peter
Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Universita' degli Studi di Bari, 70010, Valenzano, Italy.
Institute of Parasitology, University of Zürich, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland.
Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl. 2019 Feb 6;9:370-383. doi: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2018.12.011. eCollection 2019 Aug.
For a long time, wildlife carnivores have been disregarded for their potential in transmitting zoonotic nematodes. However, human activities and politics (e.g., fragmentation of the environment, land use, recycling in urban settings) have consistently favoured the encroachment of urban areas upon wild environments, ultimately causing alteration of many ecosystems with changes in the composition of the wild fauna and destruction of boundaries between domestic and wild environments. Therefore, the exchange of parasites from wild to domestic carnivores and vice versa have enhanced the public health relevance of wild carnivores and their potential impact in the epidemiology of many zoonotic parasitic diseases. The risk of transmission of zoonotic nematodes from wild carnivores to humans via food, water and soil (e.g., genera , , , , , , ) or arthropod vectors (e.g., genera spp., spp., spp.) and the emergence, re-emergence or the decreasing trend of selected infections is herein discussed. In addition, the reasons for limited scientific information about some parasites of zoonotic concern have been examined. A correct compromise between conservation of wild carnivores and risk of introduction and spreading of parasites of public health concern is discussed in order to adequately manage the risk of zoonotic nematodes of wild carnivores in line with the 'One Health' approach.
长期以来，野生动物食肉动物在传播人畜共患线虫方面的潜力一直被忽视。然而，人类活动和政策（例如，环境碎片化、土地利用、城市环境中的回收利用）一直有利于城市地区对野生环境的侵蚀，最终导致许多生态系统发生改变，野生动物群落组成发生变化，以及家养与野生环境之间的界限被破坏。因此，寄生虫在野生食肉动物和家养食肉动物之间的相互传播，增强了野生食肉动物与公共卫生的相关性及其在许多人畜共患寄生虫病流行病学中的潜在影响。本文讨论了人畜共患线虫通过食物、水和土壤（例如， 属、 属、 属、 属、 属、 属、 属）或节肢动物媒介（例如， 属 种、 属 种、 属 种）从野生食肉动物传播给人类的风险，以及某些特定感染的出现、再次出现或下降趋势。此外，还研究了关于一些受人畜共患关注的寄生虫的科学信息有限的原因。为了按照“同一健康”方法充分管理野生食肉动物人畜共患线虫的风险，本文讨论了在保护野生食肉动物与引入和传播公共卫生关注的寄生虫的风险之间达成正确平衡的问题。
