Veenema Tener Goodwin, Tõke Joanna
University of Rochester School of Nursing, USA.
Online J Issues Nurs. 2006 Jan 31;11(1):3.
Biological weapons and emerging infectious diseases pose a significant risk to public health. A timely response is needed to effectively treat and contain a potential infectious disease outbreak. Detection and surveillance of biological agents needs to be sensitive and specific to allow providers to quickly and accurately identify the disease process and begin the necessary response procedures. This article addresses the importance of early detection and surveillance of both intentional and unintentional biological events. Challenges of bioterrorism and the nursing role in response are discussed. Epidemiological considerations, such as route of transmission and personal protective equipment, are presented. An overview of the major surveillance systems, including advances in computer-based technology, is provided to help health care providers become aware of current surveillance systems and clinical decision support tools designed to help diminish the impact of biological threats.
生物武器和新出现的传染病对公众健康构成重大风险。需要及时作出反应，以有效治疗和控制潜在的传染病爆发。生物制剂的检测和监测需要灵敏且特异，以便医疗人员能够快速准确地识别疾病进程并启动必要的应对程序。本文论述了对蓄意和非蓄意生物事件进行早期检测和监测的重要性。讨论了生物恐怖主义的挑战以及护理人员在应对中的作用。介绍了诸如传播途径和个人防护装备等流行病学考量因素。概述了主要的监测系统，包括基于计算机技术的进展，以帮助医疗保健人员了解当前的监测系统以及旨在减轻生物威胁影响的临床决策支持工具。
