El Kettani S, Azzouzi E-M, Maata A
Unité de médecine interne, hôpital Hassan-II, BP 1325, Settat, Maroc.
Med Mal Infect. 2006 Jun;36(6):322-8. doi: 10.1016/j.medmal.2005.12.009. Epub 2006 May 2.
This investigation was undertaken to assess the risk linked to the use of raw sewage waters in agriculture, and the prevalence of Giardia intestinalis.
The survey was made on 214 individuals, average age 28.6+/-19.4 years, belonging to two douars using raw sewage waters in agriculture, and 119 individuals, age 31.8+/-19.5 years, belonging to a control douar not using raw sewage waters. These three douars are located in around the city of Settat, in Morocco. Every consenting individual was given a complete clinical examination and 3 stools samples were collected in 3 consecutive days.
The prevalence of G. intestinalis in the exposed population was 11.7% compared to 2.5% in the control population. The relative risk was 4.6. This difference is statistically significant. The most concerned individuals were essentially children between 3 and 14 years of age. Close contact was an important factor of infection in the exposed population, with a higher prevalence in the case of high promiscuity index. In the exposed population, more than 50% of the cases were familial ones. Giardiasis causes a trophic state, essentially in children.
The use of the raw sewage waters in agriculture is responsible for an increased risk of giardiasis. Some preventive measures are mandatory, including hygiene education and an adequate treatment of sewage waters.
本调查旨在评估农业中使用未经处理的污水所带来的风险以及肠道贾第虫的流行情况。
对214名个体进行了调查，这些个体平均年龄为28.6±19.4岁，来自两个在农业中使用未经处理污水的douars；同时对119名个体进行了调查，他们平均年龄为31.8±19.5岁，来自一个不使用未经处理污水的对照douar。这三个douars位于摩洛哥塞塔特市周边。每位同意参与的个体都接受了全面的临床检查，并连续三天采集了3份粪便样本。
暴露人群中肠道贾第虫的流行率为11.7%，而对照人群中为2.5%。相对风险为4.6。这种差异具有统计学意义。受影响最严重的主要是3至14岁的儿童。密切接触是暴露人群中感染的一个重要因素，在乱交指数较高的情况下流行率更高。在暴露人群中，超过50%的病例为家庭聚集性病例。贾第虫病主要导致儿童出现营养状况问题。
农业中使用未经处理的污水会增加贾第虫病的风险。一些预防措施是必不可少的，包括卫生教育和对污水进行适当处理。
