Scott P R, Sargison N D, Wilson D J
University of Edinburg, Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Veterinary Field Station, Easter Bush Veterinary Centre, Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland EH25 9RG, UK.
Vet J. 2007 May;173(3):522-31. doi: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2006.02.007. Epub 2006 Apr 24.
Data from industry sources detailing variable costs in 2003 revealed that the average farmer keeping 1000 lowland ewes in the United Kingdom spent 3500 UK pounds annually on veterinary fees and medicines. Despite such expenditure, psoroptic mange and cutaneous myiasis are common in the UK, resistance to one or more anthelmintic group is not only common but increasing in frequency and distribution, and abortion outbreaks caused by Toxoplasma gondii and Chlamydophila abortus are frequently reported by veterinary laboratories. Welfare concerns also arise from farmers' intransigence towards tail docking and castration in lambs (mutilations), reported market forces necessitating long distance road transportation to slaughter plants, and an unwillingness to employ veterinary surgeons for obstetrical problems. The spread of sheep scab in the UK over the past decade illustrates the failure of flock owners to effect rudimentary biosecurity and disease control measures. A first step towards improving the health and welfare of sheep would be the immediate implementation of basic good husbandry practices, including ectoparasiticide treatment for sheep scab eradication, prophylaxis for cutaneous myiasis in selected lambs, and appropriate vaccination strategies for clostridial diseases and certain abortion agents. There would also be money from within current farm expenditure to provide veterinary attention for obstetrical problems affecting up to 2% of ewes per annum. Planned use of ecto- and endoparasiticides is urgently needed to maintain the efficacy of these unique drugs.
来自行业来源的详细说明2003年可变成本的数据显示，在英国饲养1000只低地母羊的普通养殖户每年在兽医费用和药品上花费3500英镑。尽管有这样的支出，但在英国，绵羊疥癣和皮肤蝇蛆病仍很常见，对一种或多种驱虫药产生抗药性不仅普遍，而且在频率和分布上都在增加，兽医实验室经常报告由弓形虫和流产衣原体引起的流产疫情。福利问题还源于养殖户对羔羊断尾和阉割（残害）的固执态度、据报道市场力量使得需要长途公路运输到屠宰场，以及不愿聘请兽医处理产科问题。过去十年英国绵羊疥癣的传播说明了羊群所有者未能实施基本的生物安全和疾病控制措施。改善绵羊健康和福利的第一步将是立即实施基本的良好饲养管理措施，包括使用杀外寄生虫剂根除绵羊疥癣、对选定羔羊进行皮肤蝇蛆病预防，以及针对梭菌病和某些流产病原体的适当疫苗接种策略。目前农场支出中也会有资金用于为每年影响多达2%母羊的产科问题提供兽医护理。迫切需要有计划地使用外寄生虫剂和内寄生虫剂，以维持这些独特药物的效力。
