Manuja Balvinder K, Manuja Anju, Singh Raj Kumar
National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, 125001 Haryana India.
Agric Res. 2014;3(1):22-31. doi: 10.1007/s40003-014-0097-7. Epub 2014 Feb 8.
Globalization has resulted in enhanced trade in livestock and livestock products leading to increased risk of diseases to livestock and human beings. The emergence of highly contagious viral diseases of livestock and poultry such as foot-and-mouth disease, peste des petits ruminants, African swine fever (ASF), Newcastle disease, avian influenza and zoonotic diseases caused by viruses like Ebola, West Nile, Nipah, Hendra and swine influenza (H1N1) have necessitated the formulation of policies and regulatory frameworks for preventing ingress of exotic diseases and controlling dissemination of endemic diseases within the country. Biosecurity measures are important to maintain and improve animal health and reduce the risks. In this review, the risks of introduction of infections through livestock and livestock products, routes of transmission and general biosecurity measures to reduce these risks have been discussed.
全球化导致了牲畜和畜产品贸易的增加，从而增加了牲畜和人类患病的风险。诸如口蹄疫、小反刍兽疫、非洲猪瘟（ASF）、新城疫、禽流感等高度传染性的畜禽病毒性疾病以及由埃博拉、西尼罗河、尼帕、亨德拉和甲型H1N1流感病毒等引起的人畜共患病的出现，使得制定预防外来疾病传入和控制国内地方病传播的政策和监管框架成为必要。生物安全措施对于维持和改善动物健康以及降低风险至关重要。在本综述中，讨论了通过牲畜和畜产品引入感染的风险、传播途径以及降低这些风险的一般生物安全措施。
