Hemphill Andrew, Mueller Joachim, Esposito Marco
Institute of Parasitology, University of Berne, Längass-Strasse 122, CH-3012 Berne, Switzerland.
Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2006 May;7(7):953-64. doi: 10.1517/14656566.7.7.953.
Colonisation of the gastrointestinal tract by anaerobic bacteria, protozoa, trematodes, cestodes and/or nematodes and other infectious pathogens, including viruses, represents a major cause of morbidity and mortality in Africa, South America and southeast Asia, as well as other parts of the world. Nitazoxanide is a member of the thiazolide class of drugs with a documented broad spectrum of activity against parasites and anaerobic bacteria. Moreover, the drug has recently been reported to have a profound activity against hepatitis C virus infection. In addition, nitazoxanide exhibits anti-inflammatory properties, which have prompted clinical investigations for its use in Crohn's disease. Studies with nitazoxanide derivatives have determined that there must be significantly different mechanisms of action acting on intracellular versus extracellular pathogens. An impressive number of clinical studies have shown that the drug has an excellent bioavailability in the gastrointestinal tract, is fast acting and highly effective against gastrointestinal bacteria, protozoa and helminthes. A recent Phase II study has demonstrated viral response (hepatitis C) to monotherapy, with a low toxicity and an excellent safety profile over 24 weeks of treatment. Pre-clinical studies have indicated that there is a potential for application of this drug against other diseases, not primarily affecting the liver or the gastrointestinal tract.
厌氧菌、原生动物、吸虫、绦虫和/或线虫以及包括病毒在内的其他传染性病原体在胃肠道的定植，是非洲、南美洲、东南亚以及世界其他地区发病和死亡的主要原因。硝唑尼特是噻唑类药物的一种，已证明其对寄生虫和厌氧菌具有广泛的活性。此外，最近有报道称该药物对丙型肝炎病毒感染具有显著活性。此外，硝唑尼特具有抗炎特性，这促使人们对其在克罗恩病中的应用进行临床研究。对硝唑尼特衍生物的研究已确定，作用于细胞内病原体与细胞外病原体的作用机制必定存在显著差异。大量临床研究表明，该药物在胃肠道具有良好的生物利用度，起效快，对胃肠道细菌、原生动物和蠕虫高效。最近的一项II期研究表明，单药治疗对丙型肝炎有病毒反应，在24周的治疗过程中毒性低且安全性良好。临床前研究表明，该药物有可能用于治疗其他疾病，而这些疾病并非主要影响肝脏或胃肠道。
