Deforche Benedicte I, De Bourdeaudhuij Ilse M, Tanghe Ann P
Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
J Adolesc Health. 2006 May;38(5):560-8. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.01.015.
To investigate differences in physical activity and attitude toward physical activity in adolescents with different degrees of overweight and explore whether the prediction of physical activity by attitude is moderated by level of overweight.
Subjects were divided into a normal-weight group (n = 37, 18.8 +/- 1.2 kg/m2), an overweight group (n = 28, 25.9 +/- 1.3 kg/m2), and an obese group (n = 24, 33.7 +/- 4.1 kg/m2). Mean age was 14.6 +/- 1.2 years, with 72% girls. Physical activity was estimated using the Baecke Questionnaire. Attitude was measured by assessing perceived benefits and barriers.
Participation in sports was higher in normal-weight compared with overweight (p < .05) and obese (p < .01) subjects. There was no difference in leisure-time physical activity between groups. Perceived benefits did not differ between groups, but normal-weight subjects perceived less barriers ('physical complaints', 'not being good at it', 'insecure about appearance', 'not liking it') than their overweight (p < .05) and obese (p < .001) counterparts. Obese adolescents had a less positive attitude compared with their normal-weight (p < .001) and overweight (p < .05) peers. Sport participation was significantly predicted by the perceived benefit 'pleasure' (p < .05) and by the perceived barrier 'not liking it' (p < .001), after taking into account level of overweight. The association between sport participation and attitude was not moderated by level of overweight.
This study demonstrates that overweight and obese adolescents show lower sport participation and have a less positive attitude toward physical activity. Interventions in youngsters with weight problems should try to increase participation in sports by making activities more fun and attractive for these youngsters.
调查不同超重程度青少年的身体活动及对身体活动的态度差异，并探讨态度对身体活动的预测是否受到超重水平的调节。
将受试者分为正常体重组（n = 37，体重指数18.8±1.2kg/m²）、超重组（n = 28，体重指数25.9±1.3kg/m²）和肥胖组（n = 24，体重指数33.7±4.1kg/m²）。平均年龄为14.6±1.2岁，女孩占72%。使用贝克问卷评估身体活动情况。通过评估感知到的益处和障碍来测量态度。
与超重（p < 0.05）和肥胖（p < 0.01）受试者相比，正常体重受试者的体育参与度更高。各组之间的休闲时间身体活动没有差异。各组之间感知到的益处没有差异，但正常体重受试者比超重（p < 0.05）和肥胖（p < 0.001）受试者感知到的障碍（“身体不适”、“不擅长”、“对外表不自信”、“不喜欢”）更少。与正常体重（p < 0.001）和超重（p < 0.05）的同龄人相比，肥胖青少年的态度不太积极。在考虑超重水平后，感知到的益处“愉悦”（p < 0.05）和感知到的障碍“不喜欢”（p < 0.001）对体育参与有显著预测作用。体育参与和态度之间的关联不受超重水平的调节。
本研究表明，超重和肥胖青少年的体育参与度较低，对身体活动的态度不太积极。对有体重问题的青少年进行干预时，应通过让活动对这些青少年更有趣、更有吸引力来提高他们的体育参与度。
