School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, 399 Chang Hai Road, Shanghai, 200438, China.
Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, University of North Texas Halth Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA.
BMC Public Health. 2021 Mar 16;21(1):512. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10525-1.
Physical activity has many health benefits for children and adolescents. However, the prevalence of physical inactivity in school-aged children and adolescents remains high in China. Many factors impact the levels of moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among students. This study investigated the factors associated with students' MVPA levels and the determinants of changes in their MVPA behaviour.
This is a longitudinal study with a 12-month follow-up. The study samples were obtained from 2016 and 2017 Physical Activity and Fitness in China-The Youth Study, and they included 1597 students (aged 9-18 years) from 31 primary, junior high, and high schools in Ningxia Province. Factors related to the individual (Age, Sex, BMI and attitude to PA), school (school exercise facility, PE class, teacher support, PA time and PA environment) and neighbourhood (free skill training, sport events, sport organization, sport facility) factors were measured via questionnaire at baseline and after 12 months. Multiple logistic regression was performed to examine the factors that impact students' MVPA level and the determinants of changes in students' MVPA behaviour.
There was no difference in students' MVPA levels between 2016 and 2017. Boys were more physically active than girls at baseline (RR 1.55, 95% CI 1.10, 2.20). Neighbourhood factors associated students' MVPA levels were significant, but all of these factors (neighbourhood sport events, organizations, facilities, etc.) were removed from the longitudinal model. Individual and school factors were important for students' MVPA maintenance and positive development (e.g., gender, attitude, school PE class and PA time).
In conclusion, both neighbourhood and school factors may affect students' MVPA, but school appears to plays a more critical role in maintaining and promoting students' MVPA levels. In addition, individual factors may be more important than school and neighbourhood factors in influencing students' MVPA levels. Our research demonstrates that students' attitudes towards PA and school factors should be considered targets for future intervention programmes to promote MVPA. More education programmes may help enhance students' attitudes towards PA, but more studies with large samples and objective assessments are needed to explore the determinants of MVPA.
体育活动对儿童和青少年有许多健康益处。然而，中国学龄儿童和青少年的身体活动不足仍然很高。许多因素影响学生的中高强度身体活动（MVPA）水平。本研究调查了与学生 MVPA 水平相关的因素以及影响他们 MVPA 行为变化的决定因素。
这是一项为期 12 个月的纵向研究。研究样本来自 2016 年和 2017 年的中国儿童青少年身体活动与健康研究，包括来自宁夏 31 所小学、初中和高中的 1597 名学生（年龄 9-18 岁）。通过问卷在基线和 12 个月后测量与个体（年龄、性别、BMI 和对 PA 的态度）、学校（学校锻炼设施、体育课、教师支持、PA 时间和 PA 环境）和邻里（免费技能培训、体育赛事、体育组织、体育设施）相关的因素。采用多因素逻辑回归分析影响学生 MVPA 水平的因素以及影响学生 MVPA 行为变化的决定因素。
2016 年和 2017 年学生的 MVPA 水平没有差异。男孩在基线时比女孩更活跃（RR 1.55，95%CI 1.10，2.20）。与学生 MVPA 水平相关的邻里因素具有统计学意义，但所有这些因素（邻里体育赛事、组织、设施等）均从纵向模型中删除。个体和学校因素对学生的 MVPA 维持和积极发展很重要（例如，性别、态度、学校体育课和 PA 时间）。
总之，邻里和学校因素都可能影响学生的 MVPA，但学校在维持和促进学生的 MVPA 水平方面似乎发挥着更关键的作用。此外，个体因素可能比学校和邻里因素更重要，影响学生的 MVPA 水平。我们的研究表明，学生对 PA 的态度和学校因素应作为未来促进 MVPA 的干预计划的目标。更多的教育计划可能有助于增强学生对 PA 的态度，但需要更多的具有大样本和客观评估的研究来探讨 MVPA 的决定因素。
