Mannion Cynthia A, Gray-Donald Katherine, Koski Kristine G
Faculty of Nursing, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alta.
CMAJ. 2006 Apr 25;174(9):1273-7. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.1041388.
Some pregnant women may be advised or choose to restrict milk consumption and may not take appropriate supplements. We hypothesized that maternal milk restriction during pregnancy, which can reduce intakes of protein, calcium, riboflavin and vitamin D, might represent a health risk by lowering infant birth weight.
We screened women between the ages of 19 and 45 years who were attending prenatal programs in Calgary, Alberta (51 degrees N) for low milk consumption (< or = 250 mL/d). Using repeat dietary recalls, we compared these women and their offspring with women whose daily milk consumption exceeded 250 mL (1 cup). Birth weight, length and head circumference were obtained from birth records.
Women who consumed < or = 250 mL/d of milk (n = 72) gave birth to infants who weighed less than those born to women who consumed more (n = 207; 3410 g v. 3530 g, respectively; p = 0.07). Infant lengths and head circumferences were similar. Women who restricted milk intake had statistically significantly lower intakes of protein and vitamin D as well. In multivariate analyses controlled for previously established predictors of infant birth weight, milk consumption and vitamin D intake were both significant predictors of birth weight. Each additional cup of milk daily was associated with a 41 g increase in birth weight (95% confidence interval [CI] 14.0-75.1 g); each additional microgram of vitamin D, with an 11 g increase (95% CI 1.2-20.7 g). Neither protein, riboflavin nor calcium intake was found to predict birth weight.
Milk and vitamin D intakes during pregnancy are each associated with infant birth weight, independently of other risk factors.
一些孕妇可能会被建议或选择限制牛奶摄入量，且可能未摄入适当的补充剂。我们推测，孕期母亲限制牛奶摄入会减少蛋白质、钙、核黄素和维生素D的摄入量，这可能会因降低婴儿出生体重而带来健康风险。
我们在艾伯塔省卡尔加里市（北纬51度）参加产前项目的19至45岁女性中筛查牛奶摄入量低（≤250毫升/天）的女性。通过重复饮食回忆法，我们将这些女性及其后代与每日牛奶摄入量超过250毫升（1杯）的女性进行了比较。出生体重、身长和头围数据来自出生记录。
牛奶摄入量≤250毫升/天的女性（n = 72）所生婴儿的体重低于牛奶摄入量较多的女性（n = 207）所生婴儿（分别为3410克和3530克；p = 0.07）。婴儿身长和头围相似。限制牛奶摄入量的女性蛋白质和维生素D摄入量在统计学上也显著较低。在对先前确定的婴儿出生体重预测因素进行控制的多变量分析中，牛奶摄入量和维生素D摄入量都是出生体重的显著预测因素。每天每多喝一杯牛奶，出生体重增加41克（95%置信区间[CI] 14.0 - 75.1克）；每多摄入一微克维生素D，出生体重增加11克（95% CI 1.2 - 20.7克）。未发现蛋白质、核黄素或钙的摄入量可预测出生体重。
孕期牛奶和维生素D摄入量均与婴儿出生体重相关，独立于其他风险因素。
