Parslow Ruth A, Jorm Anthony F, Christensen Helen, Mackinnon Andrew
Orygen Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Australia.
Gerontology. 2006;52(3):188-98. doi: 10.1159/000091829.
It has been proposed that active engagement with life may protect against cognitive decline. However, existing instruments for measuring life engagement have covered limited domains.
To present a new instrument to measure engagement with life; the RIASEC Activities List draws on activities categorised according to interest categories previously developed by Holland: Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising and Conventional (RIASEC).
Participants in a longitudinal, community-based survey were drawn from 3 age groups: 2,404 participants aged 20-24; 2,530 aged 40-44, and 2,551 aged 60-64 years. They provided information on which of 54 selected activities they had performed in the 6 months prior to their survey interview. Other information obtained from participants included measures of sociodemographic characteristics, personality attributes and mental and physical health. Two measures of cognition were also examined. Analyses were conducted separately for men and women in each of the 3 age groups.
Confirmatory factor analyses identified six scales of activity types corresponding to Holland's six interest categories. The number of activities of any type undertaken in the past 6 months was significantly associated with cognitive measures, better physical health, and better mental health although these findings varied for men and women across the 3 age groups. Further, for both men and women in all age groups, performing activities of any type was associated with having higher extraversion and mastery scores, and lower levels of neuroticism. Associations were also found between performing specific types of activities and cognitive measures.
This instrument has the potential to identify more clearly types of activities that may offer cognitive benefits and warrants further testing in longitudinal studies.
有人提出积极参与生活可能预防认知能力下降。然而，现有的衡量生活参与度的工具所涵盖的领域有限。
介绍一种用于衡量生活参与度的新工具；RIASEC活动清单借鉴了根据霍兰德先前制定的兴趣类别分类的活动：现实型、研究型、艺术型、社会型、企业型和传统型（RIASEC）。
一项基于社区的纵向调查的参与者来自3个年龄组：2404名20 - 24岁的参与者；2530名40 - 44岁的参与者，以及2551名60 - 64岁的参与者。他们提供了在调查访谈前6个月内所进行的54项选定活动中他们参与了哪些活动的信息。从参与者那里获得的其他信息包括社会人口学特征、人格特质以及心理和身体健康的测量。还检查了两种认知测量方法。对3个年龄组中的男性和女性分别进行了分析。
验证性因素分析确定了与霍兰德的六个兴趣类别相对应的六个活动类型量表。过去6个月内进行的任何类型活动的数量与认知测量、更好的身体健康和更好的心理健康显著相关，尽管这些发现在3个年龄组的男性和女性中有所不同。此外，对于所有年龄组的男性和女性，进行任何类型的活动都与更高的外向性和掌控力得分以及更低的神经质水平相关。在进行特定类型的活动与认知测量之间也发现了关联。
该工具有可能更清楚地识别出可能带来认知益处的活动类型，并值得在纵向研究中进一步测试。
