School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Neuroscience Research Australia, 139 Barker Street, Randwick, NSW, 2031, Australia.
Sci Rep. 2021 Apr 8;11(1):7710. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86397-7.
Sex differences in late-life memory decline may be explained by sex differences in dementia risk factors. Episodic memory and dementia risk factors were assessed in young, middle-aged and older adults over 12 years in a population-based sample (N = 7485). For men in midlife and old age, physical, cognitive and social activities were associated with less memory decline, and financial hardship was associated with more. APOE e4 and vascular risk factors were associated with memory decline for women in midlife. Depression, cognitive and physical activity were associated with memory change in older women. Incident midlife hypertension (β = - 0.48, 95% CI - 0.87, - 0.09, p = 0.02) was associated with greater memory decline in women and incident late-life stroke accounted for greater memory decline in men (β = - 0.56, 95% CI - 1.12, - 0.01), p = 0.05). Women have fewer modifiable risk factors than men. Stroke and hypertension explained sex differences in memory decline for men and women respectively.
性别差异可能导致老年人记忆衰退，而痴呆风险因素的性别差异可以解释这种现象。本研究在人群样本中对年轻、中年和老年参与者进行了为期 12 年的随访，评估了他们的情景记忆和痴呆风险因素（共 7485 名参与者）。对于中年和老年男性，身体活动、认知活动和社会活动与较少的记忆衰退有关，而经济困难与较多的记忆衰退有关。在中年女性中，APOE e4 和血管风险因素与记忆衰退有关。在老年女性中，抑郁、认知和身体活动与记忆变化有关。中年高血压的发生（β=−0.48，95%置信区间−0.87，−0.09，p=0.02）与女性的记忆衰退有关，而晚年中风的发生与男性的记忆衰退有关（β=−0.56，95%置信区间−1.12，−0.01，p=0.05）。女性比男性有更少的可改变风险因素。中风和高血压分别解释了男性和女性记忆衰退的性别差异。
