Penco Maria, Petroni Renata, Pastori Francesca, Fratini Simona, Romano Silvio
Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Public Health, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy.
J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown). 2006 Apr;7(4):288-95. doi: 10.2459/01.JCM.0000219323.42998.2c.
Hypertension is considered one of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease. There are a number of different approaches to the prevention, control and treatment of hypertension. One of these provides lifestyle modification as a means to facilitate drug step-down or drug withdrawal in hypertensive patients subjected to a pharmacological treatment, but also as a means to control blood pressure and reduce the risk of developing hypertension in subjects that have abnormal blood pressure but are not candidates for drug therapy. Lifestyle modification includes physical activity, and there is an ever-increasing amount of evidence that physical activity can modify the history of hypertension, acting as a reducer either of blood pressure or of the other cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of this article was to analyse the effects of exercise on blood pressure (neuro-hormonal, hormonal and vessel effects), illustrate which are the influences of age and gender on exercise-induced reduction of blood pressure, indicate how much exercise (in terms of intensity, frequency and duration) is required to induce positive modification of blood pressure and evaluate current Italian criteria for sports ability in athletes with hypertension.
高血压被认为是心血管疾病的主要危险因素之一。对于高血压的预防、控制和治疗有多种不同的方法。其中一种方法是进行生活方式的改变，这不仅是使接受药物治疗的高血压患者减少用药剂量或停药的一种手段，也是控制血压以及降低血压异常但不适合药物治疗的人群患高血压风险的一种手段。生活方式的改变包括体育活动，而且越来越多的证据表明体育活动可以改变高血压病史，起到降低血压或其他心血管危险因素的作用。本文的目的是分析运动对血压的影响（神经激素、激素和血管方面的影响），阐明年龄和性别对运动引起的血压降低有哪些影响，指出需要多少运动量（从强度、频率和持续时间方面）才能引起血压的积极改变，并评估意大利目前对于高血压运动员运动能力的标准。
