Andersen Lars L, Magnusson S Peter, Nielsen Michael, Haleem John, Poulsen Kenn, Aagaard Per
National Institute of Occupational Health, Lersø Parkalle 105, DK 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
Phys Ther. 2006 May;86(5):683-97.
Central activation failure and muscular atrophy are common after knee joint injury. Thus, exercises that aim to stimulate muscular hypertrophy and increase neural drive to the muscle fibers should be used during rehabilitation. This study examined the level of knee joint neuromuscular activation during 4 conventional therapeutic exercises (quadriceps femoris muscle setting, manual lateralization of the patella, rhythmic stabilization, and the pelvic bridging exercise) and 4 heavy resistance exercises (free-weight squat with a barbell, horizontal seated leg press, isolated knee extension with a cam mechanism, and isolated hamstring muscle curl) in young, untrained men who were healthy.
Thirteen male subjects (mean age=25.3 years, SD=3.0) with no previous history of knee injury participated in the study.
Neuromuscular activation during the exercises was defined as the root-mean-square (RMS) electromyographic (EMG) signal normalized to the peak RMS EMG signal of a maximal isometric muscle contraction.
Low levels of neuromuscular activation were found during all conventional exercises (<35%). A limitation may be that only a few of many different conventional exercises were investigated. The highest level of neuromuscular activation (67%-79%) was observed during the open kinetic chain resistance exercises (isolated knee extension and hamstring muscle curl). None of the conventional exercises or heavy resistance exercises were found to preferentially activate the vastus medialis muscle over the vastus lateralis muscle.
The results indicate that heavy resistance exercises should be included in rehabilitation programs to induce sufficient levels of neuromuscular activation to stimulate muscle growth and strength.
膝关节损伤后，中枢激活失败和肌肉萎缩很常见。因此，在康复过程中应采用旨在刺激肌肉肥大并增加对肌纤维神经驱动的锻炼方法。本研究检测了4种传统治疗性锻炼（股四头肌静力收缩、髌骨手法外移、节律性稳定训练和骨盆桥运动）以及4种大负荷抗阻锻炼（杠铃自由重量深蹲、水平坐姿腿举、凸轮机制的孤立膝关节伸展和孤立腘绳肌卷曲）对健康的未受过训练的年轻男性膝关节神经肌肉激活水平的影响。
13名无膝关节损伤史的男性受试者（平均年龄 = 25.3岁，标准差 = 3.0）参与了本研究。
锻炼过程中的神经肌肉激活定义为均方根（RMS）肌电图（EMG）信号，该信号已根据最大等长肌肉收缩的RMS EMG信号峰值进行了归一化处理。
在所有传统锻炼中均发现神经肌肉激活水平较低（<35%）。一个局限性可能是仅研究了众多不同传统锻炼中的少数几种。在开链抗阻锻炼（孤立膝关节伸展和腘绳肌卷曲）过程中观察到最高水平的神经肌肉激活（67% - 79%）。未发现任何传统锻炼或大负荷抗阻锻炼能优先激活股内侧肌而非股外侧肌。
结果表明，康复计划应纳入大负荷抗阻锻炼，以诱导足够水平的神经肌肉激活，从而刺激肌肉生长和增强力量。
