Sladky Kurt K, Krugner-Higby Lisa, Meek-Walker Elizabeth, Heath Timothy D, Paul-Murphy Joanne
Department of Surgical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
Am J Vet Res. 2006 May;67(5):775-81. doi: 10.2460/ajvr.67.5.775.
To compare serum concentrations of liposome-encapsulated butorphanol tartrate (LEBT) and standard butorphanol tartrate (STDBT) following SC and IM administration, respectively, and to evaluate analgesic effects of LEBT and STDBT after parenteral administration to Hispaniolan parrots.
11 adult Hispaniolan parrots.
The ability of LEBT to prolong the duration of analgesia in an avian species was tested. Blood samples were collected at serial time points after SC administration of LEBT (10 mg/kg or 15 mg/kg) or IM administration of STDBT (5 mg/kg). Serum concentrations of butorphanol tartrate were determined by use of a commercial immunoassay that measured parent drug and metabolites. Analgesic efficacy was evaluated in parrots exposed to electrical and thermal stimuli. Foot withdrawal thresholds were recorded at baseline and at serial time points after LEBT (15 mg/kg), liposome vehicle, STDBT (2 mg/kg), or physiologic saline (0.9% NaCl) solution administration.
LEBT had a prolonged in vivo release for up to 5 days. Negligible serum butorphanol and butorphanol metabolite concentrations were obtained at 24 hours after IM administration of STDBT. Analgesic efficacy of LEBT as measured by foot withdrawal threshold to noxious thermal and electrical stimuli persisted for 3 to 5 days following SC administration of LEBT.
SC administration of LEBT provided analgesia and detectable serum butorphanol concentrations in Hispaniolan parrots for up to 5 days. The use of LEBT may allow for substantial improvement in long-term pain relief without subjecting birds to the stress of handling and multiple daily injections.
分别比较皮下注射和肌肉注射脂质体包裹的酒石酸布托啡诺（LEBT）和标准酒石酸布托啡诺（STDBT）后的血清浓度，并评估向伊斯帕尼奥拉鹦鹉肠胃外给药后LEBT和STDBT的镇痛效果。
11只成年伊斯帕尼奥拉鹦鹉。
测试LEBT延长鸟类镇痛持续时间的能力。在皮下注射LEBT（10毫克/千克或15毫克/千克）或肌肉注射STDBT（5毫克/千克）后的连续时间点采集血样。使用测量母体药物和代谢物的商业免疫测定法测定酒石酸布托啡诺的血清浓度。在暴露于电刺激和热刺激的鹦鹉中评估镇痛效果。在基线以及在给予LEBT（15毫克/千克）、脂质体载体、STDBT（2毫克/千克）或生理盐水（0.9%氯化钠）溶液后的连续时间点记录足部退缩阈值。
LEBT在体内释放延长长达5天。肌肉注射STDBT后24小时获得的血清布托啡诺和布托啡诺代谢物浓度可忽略不计。通过对有害热刺激和电刺激的足部退缩阈值测量，LEBT的镇痛效果在皮下注射LEBT后持续3至5天。
皮下注射LEBT在伊斯帕尼奥拉鹦鹉中提供了长达5天的镇痛效果和可检测的血清布托啡诺浓度。使用LEBT可能会在不使鸟类承受处理压力和每日多次注射的情况下，大幅改善长期疼痛缓解情况。
