人类性染色体的基因组成是如何进化的。

How the gene content of human sex chromosomes evolved.

作者信息

Graves Jennifer A Marshall, Koina Edda, Sankovic Natasha

机构信息

Research School of Biological Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.

出版信息

Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2006 Jun;16(3):219-24. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2006.04.007. Epub 2006 May 2.

DOI:10.1016/j.gde.2006.04.007

PMID:16650758

Abstract

The X and Y chromosomes of humans and other mammals both have very atypical gene contents. The degenerate Y bears only a handful of genes that are specialized for male sex and reproduction. Now it seems that the X over-represents genes controlling reproductive traits and intelligence. This is hard to explain in terms of function but makes excellent sense in terms of evolution. Comparisons between the gene content of the X and Y in humans, distantly related mammals, and other vertebrates, define the evolutionary past of our sex chromosomes and suggest how special selective forces act on the X and Y.

摘要

人类和其他哺乳动物的X染色体和Y染色体都具有非常特殊的基因组成。退化的Y染色体仅携带少数专门用于雄性性别和生殖的基因。现在看来，X染色体过度代表了控制生殖特征和智力的基因。从功能角度很难解释这一点，但从进化角度却非常合理。对人类、远缘哺乳动物和其他脊椎动物的X染色体和Y染色体的基因组成进行比较，确定了我们性染色体的进化历程，并揭示了特殊选择力如何作用于X染色体和Y染色体。