Stephenson Iain, Democratis Jane
Infectious Diseases Unit, Leicester Royal Infirmary, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK.
Br Med Bull. 2006 May 1;75-76:63-80. doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldh063. Print 2005.
Influenza is an infectious respiratory pathogen causing annual outbreaks and infrequent pandemics, resulting in significant morbidity, mortality and burdens on the delivery of health care. The geographical spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 among poultry and wild bird populations is unprecedented. Growing numbers of sporadic avian influenza infections are occurring in humans, increasing the threat of the next influenza pandemic. Vaccines are the principle means of combating influenza, and a number of studies with H5N1 vaccine candidates are underway. Antiviral agents can be used to treat influenza infection and can be taken as chemoprophylaxis during influenza outbreaks. Oseltamivir has been stockpiled as part of influenza pandemic preparedness planning; however, the emergence of drug resistance may limit its clinical use.
流感是一种传染性呼吸道病原体，每年都会引发疫情，偶尔还会导致大流行，造成严重的发病、死亡情况，并给医疗保健服务带来负担。高致病性禽流感（HPAI）H5N1在家禽和野生鸟类种群中的地理传播是前所未有的。人类中散发性禽流感感染病例越来越多，增加了下一次流感大流行的威胁。疫苗是对抗流感的主要手段，目前正在对多种H5N1候选疫苗进行多项研究。抗病毒药物可用于治疗流感感染，并可在流感暴发期间用作化学预防。作为流感大流行防范计划的一部分，已储备了奥司他韦；然而，耐药性的出现可能会限制其临床应用。
