Isoelectric focusing of plant cell protoplasts: separation of different protoplast types.

The surface charge of plant protoplasts has been measured by a new technique, isoelectric focusing. The protoplasts were loaded in a dextran density gradient over which a pH gradient was superimposed. When voltage was applied, protoplasts moved to a point in the gradient corresponding to their isoelectric point (pI). The pI of the protoplasts varied with the compounds used for pH gradient generation. Using commercial ampholytes for pH gradient formation, the pI of all protoplasts tested was 4.4 +/- 0.2, and viability following electrophoresis was low. Using an acetate/acetic acid mixture to generate the pH gradient, the pI of protoplasts varied from 3.7 to 5.3 depending on the species and tissue type of the parental cells. Postelectrophoresis viability was high. Using isoelectric focusing techniques, it was possible to separate mixtures of protoplasts derived from different species of plants.