Effects of Low O(2) Root Stress on Ethylene Biosynthesis in Tomato Plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv Heinz 1350).

Low O(2) conditions were obtained by flowing N(2) through the solution in which the tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv Heinz 1350) were growing. Time course experiments revealed that low O(2) treatments stimulated 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase production in the roots and leaves. After the initiation of low O(2) conditions, ACC synthase activity and ACC content in the roots increased and reached a peak after 12 and 20 hours, respectively. The conversion of ACC to ethylene in the roots was inhibited by low levels of O(2), and ACC was apparently transported to the leaves where it was converted to ethylene. ACC synthase activity in the leaves was also stimulated by low O(2) treatment to the roots, reaching a peak after 24 hours. ACC synthase levels were enhanced by cobalt chloride and aminooxyacetic acid (AOA), although they inhibited ethylene production. Cobalt chloride enhanced ACC synthase only in combination with low O(2) conditions in the roots. Under aeration, AOA stimulated ACC synthase activity in both the roots and leaves. However, in combination with low O(2) conditions, AOA caused a stimulation in ACC synthase activity in the leaves and no effect in the roots.