Elizondo J J, Guillén F, Aguinaga I
Sección de Farmacia y Dietética, Clínica de Rehabilitación de Salud Mental, Pamplona.
An Sist Sanit Navar. 2006 Jan-Apr;29(1):37-46. doi: 10.4321/s1137-66272006000100004.
Nutritional habits and smoking are well known to be two of the most important risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The aim of this study was to assess disparities in food consumption and nutrient intake in relation to smoking in the population of Pamplona, Spain.
A cross study by postal survey was carried out on a representative sample (n=875; 29.3% of the theoretical sample) of Pamplona's population aged between 18 and 65 years. Food consumption was evaluated by a food consumption frequency questionnaire. The survey also contained questionnaires about consumption of tobacco and alcohol, physical activity, as well as a sociodemographic record. A bivariant analysis was carried out (p<0.05) by Kruskal Wallis and chi2 Pearson tests.
Male smokers consume less fruit, vegetables and chicken than other groups, while male ex-smokers seem to have healthier food consumption patterns. Female smokers have a less healthy diet as well, although differences are less marked. In both genders, smokers consume more alcohol. With respect to nutrients, smokers consume less folate, niacin and antioxidants (vitamin C). Female non-smokers consume more fibre than other groups.
This study highlights the prevalence of a healthier diet among non-smokers and ex-smokers, who share similar diet patterns that are healthier than those of smokers. It would also be desirable for smokers to have healthier food consumption habits in order to reduce the effects of tobacco and to meet the additional demand for some nutrients required by this group.
营养习惯和吸烟是众所周知的心血管疾病和癌症发展的两个最重要风险因素。本研究的目的是评估西班牙潘普洛纳人群中与吸烟相关的食物消费和营养摄入差异。
通过邮政调查对潘普洛纳18至65岁人群的代表性样本（n = 875；占理论样本的29.3%）进行了一项横断面研究。通过食物消费频率问卷评估食物消费情况。该调查还包含关于烟草和酒精消费、体育活动以及社会人口学记录的问卷。通过Kruskal Wallis检验和卡方Pearson检验进行双变量分析（p < 0.05）。
男性吸烟者比其他组摄入的水果、蔬菜和鸡肉更少，而男性戒烟者似乎有更健康的食物消费模式。女性吸烟者的饮食也不太健康，尽管差异不太明显。在男女两性中，吸烟者饮酒更多。在营养方面，吸烟者摄入的叶酸、烟酸和抗氧化剂（维生素C）更少。女性非吸烟者比其他组摄入更多纤维。
本研究强调了非吸烟者和戒烟者中更健康饮食的普遍性，他们有着相似的饮食模式，比吸烟者的饮食模式更健康。吸烟者养成更健康的食物消费习惯也很有必要，以便减少烟草的影响并满足该群体对某些营养素的额外需求。
