Bolton-Smith C, Woodward M, Brown C A, Tunstall-Pedoe H
Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School.
Br J Nutr. 1993 Mar;69(2):315-32. doi: 10.1079/bjn19930036.
Information on current-, never- and ex-smokers (including duration of cessation) was obtained in a cross-sectional survey of risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD), the Scottish Heart Health Study. Diet was also assessed by food frequency questionnaire in a total of 4265 men and 4770 women. Nutrient intakes were computed by sex and smoking group and, according to their diet, the ex-smokers were categorized as current- or never-smokers using discriminant analysis techniques. The current- and five ex-smoking groups differed negligibly in past smoking characteristics. Energy-adjusted intake of polyunsaturated fat, fibre and the antioxidant vitamins were lowest in current-smokers, and for men, intakes increased progressively with duration of ex-smoking to reach the level of never-smokers. In a similar manner, energy, sugar and alcohol decreased with duration of ex-smoking. Fewer trends were observable for women, and the diets of ex-smokers more immediately resembled that of never-smokers. Discriminant analysis for the combined nutrients correctly categorized 72 and 69% of male, and 66 and 65% of female current- and never-smokers respectively. By 4 years of smoking cessation the general dietary pattern of ex-smokers was similar to never-smokers for both sexes. Whether this represents a change in diet over time or a cohort effect is unclear, but the results do suggest that the apparent healthier diet of ex-smokers may contribute to their reduction in CHD risk compared with life-long current-smokers.
在一项针对冠心病（CHD）危险因素的横断面调查——苏格兰心脏健康研究中，收集了当前吸烟者、从不吸烟者和曾经吸烟者（包括戒烟时长）的信息。还通过食物频率问卷对总共4265名男性和4770名女性的饮食进行了评估。按性别和吸烟组计算营养素摄入量，并根据他们的饮食情况，使用判别分析技术将曾经吸烟者归类为当前吸烟者或从不吸烟者。当前吸烟者和五个曾经吸烟组在过去吸烟特征方面差异可忽略不计。当前吸烟者中多不饱和脂肪、纤维和抗氧化维生素的能量调整摄入量最低，对于男性而言，随着戒烟时长增加，摄入量逐渐增加，达到从不吸烟者的水平。同样，能量、糖和酒精摄入量随着戒烟时长而减少。女性中可观察到的趋势较少，曾经吸烟者的饮食更迅速地类似于从不吸烟者。对综合营养素进行的判别分析分别正确地将72%和69%的男性当前吸烟者和从不吸烟者，以及66%和65%的女性当前吸烟者和从不吸烟者进行了分类。到戒烟4年时，曾经吸烟者的总体饮食模式在两性中都与从不吸烟者相似。这是随着时间推移饮食的变化还是队列效应尚不清楚，但结果确实表明，与终身当前吸烟者相比，曾经吸烟者明显更健康的饮食可能有助于降低他们患冠心病的风险。
