Lloveras G, Ribas Barba L, Ramon J M, Serra Majem L, Román Viñas B
Programa de Alimentación y Nutrición, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona.
Med Clin (Barc). 2001 Feb 3;116(4):129-32.
It is well known that smoking and some nutritional habits are two of the most important risk factors for the development of certain cancers and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study is to assess the food and nutrient consumption in relation to smoking in the Catalan population, Spain.
A representative sample of the Catalan population of 1774 people aged 18 to 64 years from both sexes. Nutritional status was evaluated using selected anthropometrical indexes, and food consumption with two 24-hour recall. Questionnaires about smoking consumption and a semiquantitative frequency questionnaire about alcohol consumption were also administered.
Male non smokers consumed more dairy products than smokers, and more fruits and nuts than smokers and ex-smokers. Female non-smokers consumed more chicken, fruits and less sweets than smokers and ex-smokers. In both genders, smokers consumed more alcohol. With respect to nutrients, smokers consumed less fiber than non smokers and more energy from lipids and saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids.
The diet of smokers is less healthy than that of non smokers and ex-smokers, which indicates a higher risk for the incidence of certain cancers and cardiovascular diseases.
众所周知，吸烟和某些营养习惯是某些癌症和心血管疾病发生的两个最重要的风险因素。本研究的目的是评估西班牙加泰罗尼亚人群中与吸烟相关的食物和营养消费情况。
选取了1774名年龄在18至64岁之间的加泰罗尼亚男女作为代表性样本。使用选定的人体测量指标评估营养状况，通过两次24小时膳食回顾评估食物消费情况。还发放了关于吸烟消费的问卷和关于酒精消费的半定量频率问卷。
男性非吸烟者比吸烟者食用更多的乳制品，比吸烟者和已戒烟者食用更多的水果和坚果。女性非吸烟者比吸烟者和已戒烟者食用更多的鸡肉、水果，食用更少的甜食。在男女两性中，吸烟者饮酒更多。在营养方面，吸烟者比非吸烟者摄入的纤维更少，从脂质以及饱和和单不饱和脂肪酸中获取的能量更多。
吸烟者的饮食不如非吸烟者和已戒烟者健康，这表明其患某些癌症和心血管疾病的风险更高。
