Baxter Amanda J, Coyne Terry, McClintock Christine
Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia.
Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2006;15(2):134-42.
Metabolic syndrome is associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes, and appears to be widely prevalent in both developed and developing countries. While lifestyle modification is recommended for management of the syndrome, the dietary pattern most beneficial for patients is yet to be ascertained. Original research papers from the Medline database were examined for dietary patterns that may be associated with the syndrome. Three large-scale epidemiological studies were found fitting our criteria. Dietary patterns high in fruit and vegetable content were generally found to be associated with lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Diet patterns with high meat intake were frequently associated with components of metabolic syndrome, particularly impaired glucose tolerance. High dairy intake was generally associated with reduced risk for components of metabolic syndrome with some inconsistency in the literature regarding risk of obesity. Minimally processed cereals appeared to be associated with decreased risk of metabolic syndrome, while highly processed cereals with high glycaemic index are associated with higher risk. Fried foods were noticeably absent from any dietary pattern associated with decreased prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The conclusion of this review is that no individual dietary component could be considered wholly responsible for the association of diet with metabolic syndrome. Rather it is the overall quality of the diet that appears to offer protection against lifestyle disease such as metabolic syndrome. Further research is required into conditions, such as overweight and obesity, which may influence the effect of diet on the development of metabolic syndrome.
代谢综合征与冠心病和2型糖尿病风险增加相关，且在发达国家和发展中国家似乎都广泛流行。虽然建议通过改变生活方式来管理该综合征，但对患者最有益的饮食模式尚未确定。我们检索了Medline数据库中的原创研究论文，以寻找可能与该综合征相关的饮食模式。发现有三项大规模流行病学研究符合我们的标准。一般发现，水果和蔬菜含量高的饮食模式与代谢综合征的较低患病率相关。肉类摄入量高的饮食模式经常与代谢综合征的组成部分相关，尤其是糖耐量受损。高乳制品摄入量通常与代谢综合征各组成部分的风险降低相关，但关于肥胖风险，文献中存在一些不一致之处。极少加工的谷物似乎与代谢综合征风险降低相关，而高血糖指数的高度加工谷物则与较高风险相关。与代谢综合征患病率降低相关的任何饮食模式中都明显没有油炸食品。本综述的结论是，没有任何单一饮食成分可被认为对饮食与代谢综合征之间的关联完全负责。相反，似乎是饮食的整体质量提供了对诸如代谢综合征等生活方式疾病的防护。需要对超重和肥胖等可能影响饮食对代谢综合征发展影响的情况进行进一步研究。
