Cooke S F, Bliss T V P
Division of Neurophysiology, National Institute for Medical Research London, UK.
Brain. 2006 Jul;129(Pt 7):1659-73. doi: 10.1093/brain/awl082. Epub 2006 May 3.
Long-term potentiation (LTP) is a well-characterized form of synaptic plasticity that fulfils many of the criteria for a neural correlate of memory. LTP has been studied in a variety of animal models and, in rodents in particular, there is now a strong body of evidence demonstrating common underlying molecular mechanisms in LTP and memory. Results are beginning to emerge from studies of neural plasticity in humans. This review will summarize findings demonstrating that synaptic LTP can be induced in human CNS tissue and that rodent and human LTP probably share similar molecular mechanisms. We will also discuss the application of non-invasive stimulation techniques to awake human subjects to induce LTP-like long-lasting changes in localized neural activity. These techniques have potential therapeutic application in manipulating neural plasticity to treat a variety of conditions, including depression, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy and neuropathic pain.
长时程增强（LTP）是一种特征明确的突触可塑性形式，满足了许多作为记忆神经关联物的标准。LTP已在多种动物模型中得到研究，特别是在啮齿动物中，现在有大量证据表明LTP和记忆存在共同的潜在分子机制。关于人类神经可塑性的研究结果也开始出现。本综述将总结相关发现，这些发现表明突触LTP可在人类中枢神经系统组织中诱导产生，并且啮齿动物和人类的LTP可能具有相似的分子机制。我们还将讨论非侵入性刺激技术在清醒人类受试者中的应用，以诱导局部神经活动中类似LTP的长期变化。这些技术在操纵神经可塑性以治疗包括抑郁症、帕金森病、癫痫和神经性疼痛在内的多种病症方面具有潜在的治疗应用价值。
