Visvanathan Kumar, Lewin Sharon R
Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Semin Liver Dis. 2006 May;26(2):104-15. doi: 10.1055/s-2006-939755.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in immunocompetent adults usually results in a self-limited, transient liver disease and viral clearance, with only a small percentage (5 to 10%) developing chronic hepatitis associated with viral persistence. In contrast, when neonates are infected, more than 90% become persistently infected, suffering differing degrees of chronic liver disease. Activation of immunity plays a central role in host-virus interactions, greatly influencing viral replication and the clinical outcome of infection. Although all of the specific mechanisms and consequences of this interaction have not been elucidated, the purpose of this article is to describe the basic arms of the immune system as they interact with the HBV and describe the present state of knowledge in this area. These arms may be divided broadly into innate and specific immune responses, and they have different roles and responses in acute and chronic infection.
免疫功能正常的成年人感染乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）通常会导致自限性、短暂性肝病和病毒清除，只有一小部分（5%至10%）会发展为与病毒持续存在相关的慢性肝炎。相比之下，新生儿感染时，超过90%会持续感染，患有不同程度的慢性肝病。免疫激活在宿主与病毒的相互作用中起着核心作用，极大地影响病毒复制和感染的临床结局。尽管这种相互作用的所有具体机制和后果尚未阐明，但本文的目的是描述免疫系统与HBV相互作用时的基本组成部分，并描述该领域的现有知识状态。这些组成部分大致可分为先天性免疫反应和特异性免疫反应，它们在急性和慢性感染中具有不同的作用和反应。
